The multimodality neuroimage findings in individuals with Tourette syndrome
Journal
Pediatrics and Neonatology
Journal Volume
61
Journal Issue
5
Pages
467-474
Date Issued
2020
Author(s)
Abstract
Chronic tic disorder and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome are very common childhood-onset diseases. However, the pathophysiology underlying these disorders is not yet clear and most studies focus on the disinhibition of the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit. Although dysfunction of this circuit is possible, routine clinical neuroimaging studies such as T1-weighted or T2-weighted MRI usually reveal normal results. Therefore, special neuroimaging techniques may be needed to investigate the possible microstructural or functional changes in the brain. Previous structural studies, such as those using diffusion tensor imaging, and volumetric MRI studies, revealed the main abnormalities to be located in the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit and to be related to brain regions such as basal ganglion, thalamus, frontal cortex, and motor cortex. Some other potential regions, such as the amygdala, hippocampus or cerebellum, are also occasionally reported. Perfusion studies, such as those using positron emission tomography or functional MRI, also suggest hemodynamic changes over those brain regions related to the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit. However, the results can be different in adult and pediatric groups, and neuroimaging findings are also inconsistent between different studies, which may reflect the high diversity of this disease or differences in enrolled patient groups with different comorbidities. Therefore, in this review article, we will focus on the neuroimaging findings relating to Tourette syndrome in different age groups using different imaging techniques. ? 2020
SDGs
Other Subjects
brain size; diffusion tensor imaging; functional magnetic resonance imaging; Gilles de la Tourette syndrome; groups by age; human; multimodal imaging; neuroimaging; positron emission tomography; Review; single photon emission computed tomography; diagnostic imaging; Gilles de la Tourette syndrome; multimodal imaging; neuroimaging; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; procedures; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Neuroimaging; Tourette Syndrome
Publisher
Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd
Type
review