The growth and uptake of gallium (Ga) and indium (In) of wheat seedlings in Ga- and In-contaminated soils
Journal
Science of the Total Environment
Journal Volume
759
Date Issued
2021
Author(s)
Abstract
The emerging contaminants gallium (Ga) and indium (In) are extensively used in advanced industries and are considered as toxic to humans. Limited information is available on the dynamics of Ga and In in soil-upland crop systems. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of Ga and In on the growth and uptake of Ga and In by wheat plants grown in Ga- and In-contaminated soils. The wheat seedlings were planted in soils of different properties spiked with various Ga and In concentrations (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg?1). The plant-available Ga, In, and Al in the soils were extracted by 0.02 M CaCl2, and their concentrations in plant tissues of wheat seedlings and plant biomass were determined after harvesting. The results indicated that the Al toxicity of wheat seedlings increased with Ga and In concentrations in acidic soils. Indium phytotoxicity was found in both neutral and acidic soils. Plant analysis results indicated that the concentration of Ga and In in roots was approximately one order of magnitude higher than that in the shoots of wheat seedlings, and the capability for Ga translocation from roots to shoots was higher than for In. The results of this study suggest that the dynamics of Ga and In in soil-upland crop systems is strongly dependent on the soil properties, such as pH and Al availability. ? 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Subjects
Crops; Gallium; Indium; Seed; Soils; Contaminated soils; Emerging contaminant; Limited information; Plant analysis; Plant biomass; Plant tissues; Soil property; Wheat seedlings; Soil pollution; gallium; indium; gallium; indium; aluminum; biological uptake; gallium; growth; indium; persistent organic pollutant; seedling; soil pollution; wheat; Article; biomass; concentration (parameter); controlled study; dynamics; harvesting; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; nonhuman; pH; phytotoxicity; plant growth; plant root; plant tissue; priority journal; seedling; shoot; soil pollution; soil property; wheat; analysis; chemistry; human; seedling; soil; soil pollutant; toxicity; wheat; Gallium; Humans; Indium; Plant Roots; Seedlings; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Triticum
Type
journal article