Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on incidence and management of human immunodeficiency virus-related opportunistic infections
Journal
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Journal Volume
54
Journal Issue
5
Pages
849-853
Date Issued
2004
Author(s)
Abstract
We review the changes in incidences of HIV-related opportunistic infections and the safety of discontinuation of primary and secondary prophylaxis for HIV-related opportunistic infections in patients achieving immune restoration after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HIV-related opportunistic infections continue to occur in patients who are newly diagnosed with HIV infection, those in the early course of HAART or non-adherent to HIV care and HAART, and those in whom non-HIV-related infections have emerged as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the post-HAART era. Clinical studies of patients with tuberculosis and HIV co-infection are reviewed to provide appropriate regimen combinations of rifamycins and antiretrovirals, which have varying degrees of drug-drug interactions that have posed challenges in the management of tuberculosis as well as HIV infection. ? The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2004; all rights reserved.
SDGs
Other Subjects
antifungal agent; antiretrovirus agent; CD4 antigen; ciprofloxacin; cotrimoxazole; cytochrome P450 reductase; efavirenz; fluconazole; indinavir; itraconazole; nelfinavir; nevirapine; Pneumococcus vaccine; proteinase inhibitor; rifabutin; rifampicin; rifamycin; ritonavir; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; saquinavir; tuberculostatic agent; AIDS related complex; antibiotic prophylaxis; bacteremia; bacterial infection; clinical trial; cryptococcosis; cryptosporidiosis; cytomegalovirus infection; disease course; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; highly active antiretroviral therapy; histoplasmosis; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; immune response; incidence; leukoencephalopathy; lobar pneumonia; lung tuberculosis; morbidity; mortality; mycobacteriosis; Mycobacterium intracellulare avium; mycosis; parasitosis; patient compliance; Pneumocystis pneumonia; review; risk reduction; systematic review; toxoplasmosis; virus infection; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Incidence; Mycoses; Parasitic Diseases; Rifamycins; Tuberculosis; Virus Diseases
Type
review