To evaluate the protective effects of ginger essential oil and ginger ethanolic extract on a chronic animal model of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity
Date Issued
2009
Date
2009
Author(s)
Chi, Wei-Ting
Abstract
Abstractccording to the report of Department of Health of Taiwan in 2008, chronic liver disease and cirrhotic liver is the eighth of ten leading causes. Therefore, hepatoprotection has been an important issue in Taiwan. The hepatic detoxification includes Phase I (functionalization) and Phase II (conjugation). N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug. In the case of APAP overdose, APAP is oxidized by liver at Phase I metabolism to generate N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which could cause hepatotoxicity. One aim of this study was to evaluate the applicable animal model of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. In terms of the results of AST and ALT activities and anti-oxidative status, male BALB/c mice are the more applicable animal model of APAP-induced liver injury for evaluating hepatoprotection of health foods. The other aim was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of ginger essential oil (GEO) and ginger ethanolic extract (GEE). The GEO and GEE were extracted by steam distillation and 95% ethanol, respectively, from rhizomes of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). The acute results showed that 100 and 200 mg/kg GEE could significantly reduce the activities of AST and ALT (p<0.05); in contrast, not for the GEO groups. Therefore, GEE was further evaluated in chronic trial. The group treated with GEE for 4 weeks significantly reduced the activities of AST and ALT. GEE was able to reduce GSH depletion, modulate CYP2E1 and GST activities as well as increase activities of GPx, SOD, and CAT. Similar results were also revealed in pathological examination of liver. The GEE contained 0.67 mg of 6-gingerol, analyzed by HPLC. In conclusion, GEE may enhance the anti-oxidative system and modulate the hepatic detoxification while 6-gingerol may be the major antioxidant in GEE.
Subjects
acetaminophen
ginger essential oil
ginger ethanolic extract
antioxidative enzyme
hepatic detoxification
Type
thesis
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