Consistent and inconsistent effects of different brevetoxin skeletons on the development, heart rate and c-fos expression in zebrafish
Date Issued
2008
Date
2008
Author(s)
Lin, Chieh-Ting
Abstract
Brevetoxins (PbTxs) are polyether toxins with two series of different chemical structures. They are produced by the red tide dinoflagellate species belonging to genus Karenia that cause massive fish and ocean creature fatalities and neurotoxic shellfish poisoning in human. To compare the toxicity between two types of PbTxs, I used PbTx-1 and PbTx-2 to represent the Type-A and Type-B PbTxs and observed their effects on zebrafish development. By the exposure of PbTxs at different concentrations to zebrafish embryo, I had determined the differential effects of PbTx-1 and PbTx-2 on embryonic abnormality and survival of zebrafish. In addition, the effects of PbTxs were demonstrated to be dependent on the presence of sodium and could be alleviated by the sodium channels blocker TTX. Lastly, I showed that PbTx-1, but less potent by PbTx-2 greatly enhanced the expression of c-fos in the heart and neuronal regions, which was correlated to the inhibition on the heart beats of zebrafish embryo. Those differential effects of PbTx-1 and PbTx-2 reflect the major structural difference between the two toxins which causes different affinity on sub-types of sodium channels that differentially expressed during development.
Subjects
brevetoxin
zebrafish
voltage-gated sodium channel
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