The Effect of Landscape Properties on Viewing Behaviour
Date Issued
2016
Date
2016
Author(s)
Huang, Angela Shi-Han
Abstract
What we comprehend and recollect in a landscape is closely related to where we look, therefore attention is required for the understanding of human viewing behaviour. Eye tracking technology is an objective and first-hand observation of human visual perception; thus we employ eye tracking technology as a means of understanding visual perception in the landscape. Studies have shown that eye tracking studies on landscape were mostly exploratory, and can roughly be categorized into top-down and bottom-up approaches. Top-down approaches usually employ the cognitive method of landscape perception, bottom-up approaches can be seen using computer generated salience maps to predict fixations, yet so far they have not matched humans’ ability to predict fixation locations. As a result, we employ both top-down and bottom-up approaches in examining viewing behavior. The objectives of our research is aimed at finding the relationship between landscape properties, landscape preference, and viewing behaviour. First, we employed expert approach to select 24 photographs out of four landscape categories, including mountain landscape, aquatic landscape, open landscape and forest landscape, 4 photos in each category were used as a filler. The remaining 80 photographs were converted into CIE L*a*b* color space, and were measured the mean and standard deviation of L*, a*, b* respectively using ImageJ, then calculated the chroma value. We also computed the fractal dimension value of each photographs using Benoit 1.31. This process resulted in 8 landscape property variables, 7 color composition variables and 1 complexity variable. All variables were converted into relative values and difference values in order to make comparisons between groups. All photographs were arranged in a 2 by 2 across display, resulting in a total of 20 trials and 4 fillers. In the eye tracking experiment, every trial was presented for 10 seconds, with a 2-second calibration display in between. Trails were displayed again for 15 seconds while landscape preference was tested. Participants were asked to rate each landscape photograph a preference rating from 1 to 10, without giving the same score in one trial. Our study collected 45 valid samples. Eye tracking metrics includes total fixation duration, total fixation count, average fixation duration, gaze count and pupil diameter. Landscape preference scores and eye tracking metrics were both being calculated relative and difference values accordingly. With regard to landscape properties and landscape preference relationship, high red-green variation, high yellow-blue variation and high chroma lead to high landscape preference. With regard to landscape properties and viewing behaviour, high red-green variation and high chroma lead to visual attention, high yellow-blue variation lead to visual exploration. In respect of landscape preference and viewing behaviour, high landscape preference is associated with strong visual activity. Our study also established a fixation transition matrix; results suggested that people tend to direct their first fixation to the upper left landscape, followed by horizontal saccades and vertical saccades. Gaze sequence tend to initiate in the upper left, followed by the upper right, the lower right to the lower left in a counterclockwise manner, but will fixate more in a landscape when the preference or chroma is higher.
Subjects
eye tracking
landscape preference
color composition
complexity
fixation transition matrix
SDGs
Type
thesis
File(s)![Thumbnail Image]()
Loading...
Name
ntu-105-R02628303-1.pdf
Size
23.54 KB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum
(MD5):23a5721cc2c0ba671300728da6bfd5fd