Heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma contributes to cancer progression
Journal
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Journal Volume
94
Journal Issue
3
Pages
337-347
Date Issued
2015
Author(s)
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous disease displaying differences in angiogenesis, extracellular matrix proteins, the immune microenvironment and tumor cell populations. Additionally, genetic variations and epigenetic changes of HCC cells could lead to aberrant signaling pathways, induce cancer stem cells and enhance tumor progression. Thus, the heterogeneity in HCC contributes to disease progression and a better understanding of its heterogeneity will greatly aid in the development of strategies for the HCC treatment. ? 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Subjects
Angiogenesis; Cancer stem cells; Genetic variation; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Heterogeneity; Invasion; Signaling pathway; Tumor microenvironment
SDGs
Other Subjects
beta catenin; Notch1 receptor; protein p21; sonic hedgehog protein; vasculotropin; Wnt protein; apoptosis; cancer growth; cancer staging; cancer stem cell; CD4+ T lymphocyte; CD8+ T lymphocyte; cell differentiation; cell population; cell proliferation; cell renewal; cytotoxicity; DNA methylation; DNA polymorphism; down regulation; epithelial mesenchymal transition; extracellular matrix; gene expression; genetic variability; genotype; growth inhibition; human; immune response; liver carcinogenesis; liver cell carcinoma; natural killer cell; natural killer T cell; protein expression; protein function; Review; suppressor cell; tumor growth; tumor invasion; tumor microenvironment; tumor suppressor gene; tumor volume; upregulation; animal; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; disease course; gene expression regulation; immunology; Liver Neoplasms; metabolism; neovascularization (pathology); pathology; signal transduction; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Disease Progression; Extracellular Matrix; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Signal Transduction; Tumor Burden; Tumor Microenvironment
Type
journal article