東南亞河川流域及海洋之碳循環─子計畫一：河川及湖泊二氧化碳及甲烷通量測定及底泥有機態碳及無機態碳含量之關係(I)
Date Issued
2004-07-31
Date
2004-07-31
Author(s)
楊盛行
DOI
922621Z002029
Abstract
Over the past year, the research has accomplished six times field investigations along the
Tan-Shei and Kao-Ping River and four times in Chen-chin lake area. In the water polluted
aspect, the river quality is commonly impacted by the introduction of organic matter to
streams and categorized by the river pollution index in this research. Overall, the principal
findings in the upper stream of Tan-shei River have well-sustained water quality. The lower
flows, however, show a certain water quality violation. Water quality in Kao-Ping creek area
was relatively unaffected by man’s activities. But significant water quality challenge exist in
lower and lowest flows. Monitoring sites were set up along the Tan-shei River and the
Kao-Ping creek. The determination oof gas flux was by using the head space method. The
CO2 concentration showed on upper, lower, and lowest Tan-shei river area was 3365, 3766
and 1905 ppm respectively, and 5526, 6779 and 3167 ppm in Kao-ping creek. In the CH4
aspect, the sampler indicated an average concentration of 1315, 3546 and 571 ppm on upper,
lower, and lowest Tan-shei River respectively, and 5220, 5361 and 2649 ppm in Kao-ping
creek. The sampler of gas emission being released or discharged into the Tan-shei River from
natural or man-made sources indicated the CO2 was averagely in -87.52~104.24 mg m-2 h-1
and 0.02~245.18 mg m-2 h-1 for CH4. In Kao-ping creek area, the emission rate is
approximately -51.3~134.64 mg m-2 h-1.and 0.05~33.16 mg m-2 h-1 for methane emission. To
find connection between water characteristic and CO2 and CH4 emission, this research
selected seven possible parameters which may affect the production of CO2 and CH4.
Parameters monitored were ORP, COD, BOD, SS, Nitrate, Ammonia, and Hygiene amount.
The sampling time was designed to avoid the influence of photosynthesis to water born plants
in the mid-day so that samples of the actual CO2 emission concentrations are collected
accurately and consistently. The presence of the ORP and nitrate in the in Tan-shei River show
no decreasing relation with CO2 emission. However, the rest parameters indicated significant
relationship with CO2 emission; the BOD has close relation with CO2.emission (R2=0.7028);
the Hygiene keep the most direct relation with CO2 emission (R2=0.9001). In the principle of
water quality measuring, the ORP and CH4 presented a decreasing relationship (R2=0.5012)
with ORP decreased below 159 mV. Besides, CH4 emission was positive relationship with
ammonia concentration. The phenomenon can be explained by the great amount of ammonia
as a nitrogen source for microbe or nitrate as an electronic accepter for anaerobic microbe. In
addition, this research selected four possible parameters to clarify the connection between
river basin sediment and CO2 and CH4 emission. Parameters included TOC, total nitrogen,
nitrate, and ammonia. The finding indicated the nitrate and CO2 emission has no direct
relationship; TOC and ammonia presented no relation; total nitrogen and CO2 emission
showed increasing relation. In the study of CH4 emission aspect, nitrate and ammonia show no relation with CH4 emission; an increasing relation existed between TOC and total nitrogen
and CH4 emission. As the production of CH4 occurred often in the deep water body, the total
nitrogen and TOC in the basin mud possessed more significant role than water quality. In
Kao-ping creek area, the COD, BOD, ORP, microbe in the water body presented an increasing
relation with CO2 emission. The hygiene presented a significant relation with CO2 emission
(R2=0.9186). The suspended organic matter, nitrate, and ammonia nitrogen demonstrated an
increasing relation with CH4 emission. Among than, the ammonia nitrogen showed a
significant relation (R2=0.614). In the research of the connection between basin mud and
CO2.emission, no apparent relation existed, but TOC and total nitrogen indicated an
increasing relation with CH4 emission. Without considering the difference of sampling
surrounding environment, the research applied regression techniques to analyze the relation
between parameters collected and gas emission. The result showed that the BOD and hygiene
in the water body exists a strong relation with CO2.emission. The ORP in the water body had
a high connection to the CH4 emission. In the characteristic of river basin mud with CO2 and
CH4 emission, the concentration of TOC and total nitrogen indicated a high relation with CH4
emission, and seldom evident had direct relation with CO2 emission (R2>0.2). In applying
multiple-regression techniques on all parameter and gas emission, the research uncover that
the COD and microbe with CO2 flux shows high relationship (P < α), which means the CO2
emission can only connect to the change of BOD and microbe concentration. Taken off the
unrelated parameter, the final regression formula is y =0.00032x1+3.18089x2+25.37304. The
ORP in the water body presented the unique role in react with CH4 emission. The regression
formula is y =-0.825216x1+169.02257. In multiple-regression analysis of river basin mud with
gas emission, the characteristic of river basin mud, TOC, NO3
-、T-N、NH4
+, had no parent
relation with CO2 emission, but two variant, TOC and T-N, in the mud presented an apparent
P value less than α, which showed a linear relation was existed between CH4 emission and
the variant. The final regression formula is y =5.073962x1+2.871245x2-12.3262. Conducting
24 hrs monitoring in the midstream of Tan-shei River, the finding showed only the strong
relation between hygiene and CO2 emission (R2=0.8767). Constrained by the limited sampling
time, the research has little evident to clarify the relation between the CH4 and CO2 emission.
The research conducted in China has totally sampled 36 locations in which the river in South
Sea infilling. In total, five sampling point located in Kung-His Province, 28 point in
Kung-Dong Province, and 3 points in Fu-Chien Province. The lowest concentration of CO2 in
the atmosphere was showed at Lian-chung city, Ho-Pu county, Kung-tung Province (295.75±
8.14）, and the highest concentration of CO2was showed at New Fun-chung Dam, Hsin-Fun
county, Kung-tung Province (473.22±0.57 ppm). The average concentration of CO2 in the
atmosphere, 386.85±37.13 ppm, was higher than the current concentration of 350 ppm. For methane gas, the lowest concentration in 36 sampling points was showed at His-chung city,
Yun-an county, Kung-His Province (1.28±0.02 ppm), and the highest concentration was
occurred at Chu-chung city, Po-an county, Kung-His Province (2.04±0.11 ppm).The average
concentration of methane in the atmosphere is 1.6±0.18 ppm. Constrained by geographic
difficulty, the research adopted headspace method to obtain the data of gas emission. The data
collected from the Taiwan was first used in establishing the connection between gas emission
and headspace. Following the procedure, the regression method was utilized to search the
proper relation. The finding showed that the CO2 existed a proper relation with ORP under the
concentration less than 200 mV (R2=0.9598), and the final formula is y = 114.94x + 1262.8.
In methane aspect, regression method was used on all gas emission and headspace, and the
result showed that an apparent relation existed between them (R2=0.8484). The final formula
is y = 12.231x + 55.397. In the assessment of carbon emission to the South Sea, the annual
flow amount of 106 CMS and carbon concentration (28.5 mg l-1 suspended organic and 62 mg
l-1 COD) in the water body were used to estimate the total carbon. The result showed a 3×105
ton in total.
Subjects
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Gas flux
Greenhouse gas
Cabon flux
Cabon cycle
SDGs
Publisher
臺北市：國立臺灣大學生化科技學系
Type
report
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