Dissolution of Bisphenol A, Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether and Its Derivatives in Canned Drinks
Date Issued
2008
Date
2008
Author(s)
Chang, Mei-Hua
Abstract
Metal can is a major food packaging material. There is usually a resin coating in the interior wall to protect metal from corrosion. However, the resin in contact with food might result in migration of its components such as bisphenol A (BPA) and the monomer of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE). BPA belongs to a group of hor-mone disruptors. BADGE is classified as a mutagen and may readily form hydrolyzed products and chlorohydrin products in food, including bisphenol A (2.3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE•H2O), bisphenol A bis(2,3-dihydroxy propyl) ether (BADGE•2H2O), bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE•HCl), bisphenol A bis(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE•2HCl), and bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE• H2O•HCl). These derivatives also have different degrees of toxicity. For monitoring the status of migration of these compounds in metal cans, we need to establish a simple, fast, and stable procedure to analyze these 7 compounds simtanenously. A quantitative method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a fluo-rescence detector was therefore developed to assay these compounds. The chroma-tographic separation was accomplished by gradient elution of acetonitrile, water and methanol on a Phenomenex Luna C18(2) column (25 cm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm thickness) with a fluorescence detector at 230 nm excitation and 304 nm emission. Migration tests were performed using water, 4% acetic acid solution, 20% ethanol solution and n-heptane as food simulants in a total of 16 metal cans. The results showed that the mi-gration of BPA occurred in only 3 samples in the range of 0.002～0.003 mg/dm2, and those of BADGE hydrolyzed products and chlorohydrin products were in the range of N.D.～0.065 mg/dm2 and N.D.～0.02 mg/dm2, respectively. epending on the composition of canned drinks, these 7 compounds were ex-tracted with tert-butyl methyl ether or acetonitrile, defatted with n-hexane, cleaned up with Sep-Pak C18 and Florisil, and then analyzed by HPLC. Recovery studies were performed by spiking standard compounds into tomato juice at 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 μg/g levels and into coffee at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/g levels, respectively. Average recoveries in both studies were higher than 80%, and the coefficients of variation were less than 5.7%. The detection limits were 0.003 ppm for BADGE•2H2O, BADGE•H2O•HCl and BADGE•2HCl, and 0.005 ppm for BPA, BADGE, BADGE•H2O and BADGE•HCl. This method was tested in a survey of 38 canned drink samples which were purchased from markets. The results showed that the amounts of bisphenol A, BADGE and its hydro-lyzed and chlorohydrin products were in the range of N.D. ~ 0.173 ppm, N.D. ~ 2.695 ppm, and N.D. ~ 0.663 ppm, respectively, which were in conformity with the regulation of European Union.
Subjects
bisphenol A
bisphenol A diglycidyl ether
epoxy resin
migration
high performance liquid chromatography
Type
thesis
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