Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: From Basic Research to Clinical Perspectives
Journal
International journal of molecular sciences
Journal Volume
23
Journal Issue
14
Date Issued
2022-07-18
Author(s)
Huang, Tzu-Lun
Chang, Pei-Yao
Hsu, Yung-Ray
Lin, Cheng-Hung
Lin, Kung-Hung
Tsai, Rong-Kung
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by relapses and autoimmunity caused by antibodies against the astrocyte water channel protein aquaporin-4. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in the biologic knowledge of NMOSD, which resulted in the IDENTIFICATION of variable disease phenotypes, biomarkers, and complex inflammatory cascades involved in disease pathogenesis. Ongoing clinical trials are looking at new treatments targeting NMOSD relapses. This review aims to provide an update on recent studies regarding issues related to NMOSD, including the pathophysiology of the disease, the potential use of serum and cerebrospinal fluid cytokines as disease biomarkers, the clinical utilization of ocular coherence tomography, and the comparison of different animal models of NMOSD.
Subjects
Müller cell; aquaporin-4; astrocyte; complement; microcystic macular degeneration; microglia; myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease; ocular coherence tomography; oligodendrocyte
Type
review