The transforming Streptococcus pneumoniae in the 21st century
Journal
Chang Gung Medical Journal
Journal Volume
31
Journal Issue
2
Pages
117-124
Date Issued
2008
Author(s)
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae, an important pathogen causing sepsis, sinusitis, otitis media, bacterial meningitis and bacterial pneumonia, results in global morbidity and mortality each year. The burden of pneumococcal disease is highest in children and the elderly. Treatment of pneumococcal infection has been hampered by the complexity of the host immune response. In recent decades, the increase of S. pneumoniae strains' resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and other classes of antimicrobials has made treatment even more complicated. Fortunately, the advent of heptavalent conjugate vaccine confers a high degree of protection against pneumococcal disease and colonization caused by vaccine serotype strains. After the introduction of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine, invasive pneumococcal disease caused by vaccine serotypes and antibiotic-resistant isolates has been reduced. However, naturally transformable pneumococci may escape vaccine-induced immunity by switching their capsular genes to non-vaccine serotypes. Development of cheaper, serotype-independent vaccines based on a combination of protein antigens should be pursued.
SDGs
Other Subjects
autolysin; beta lactam antibiotic; C reactive protein; choline binding protein; complement; Pneumococcus vaccine; pneumolysin; surfactant protein A; toll like receptor; unclassified drug; virulence factor; antibiotic resistance; bacterial colonization; bacterial meningitis; bacterial virulence; bacterium transformation; evolution; human; immunization; innate immunity; morbidity; mortality; nonhuman; otitis media; review; sepsis; serotyping; sinusitis; Streptococcus infection; Streptococcus pneumonia; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Immunity, Natural; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Transformation, Bacterial; Virulence Factors
Type
review