Carbon emissions during the design and construction phases of public works: a case study of council housing in Taiwan
Part Of
Building Simulation Conference Proceedings
Journal Volume
19
ISSN
25222708
ISBN (of the container)
9781775052043
ISBN
9781775052043
Date Issued
2025
Author(s)
Abstract
This study provides a detailed comparison of carbon emissions between the design stage and construction stage of social housing projects in Taiwan, filling the gap of existing studies that have not paid enough attention to the carbon footprint of the construction stage. The results indicate that material usage is the primary source of emissions, accounting for 86.32% in the design stage and 89.98% in the construction stage, while electricity and water consumption contribute the least, ranging from 0.03% to 1.83%. Furthermore, the study finds that the difference between the estimated carbon emissions of building materials in the design stage and the actual emissions in the construction stage can be reduced to 0.1%, demonstrating that carbon emissions can be accurately predicted during the design stage. This enables stakeholders to develop carbon reduction strategies in advance. In addition, the study analyzes the causes of discrepancies between the design and construction stages and provides specific recommendations for designers and contractors to enhance the accuracy of carbon emission predictions.
Event(s)
19th IBPSA Conference on Building Simulation, BS 2025, 24 August 2025 - 27 August 2025, Brisbane
Publisher
International Building Performance Simulation Association
Type
conference paper