Two paradigms in cellular internet-of-things access for energy-harvesting machine-tomachine devices: Push-based versus pullbased
Journal
IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Special Issue on Use of Cellular Technologies in Sensor Network
Journal Volume
6
Journal Issue
4
Pages
121-129
Date Issued
2016-08
Author(s)
Abstract
Equipping communication apparatuses with energy-harvesting technology could achieve system sustainability without human intervention. Though the harvested energy of existing techniques is limited and intermittent, it is sufficient to power devices in low-power-consuming machine-to-machine (M2M) communications. However, due to the large number of devices with time-varying energy arrival, the medium access control protocol should be redesigned. This study focuses on studying energy-harvesting M2M uplink cellular communications from the protocol design perspective, considering the properties of M2M and energy harvesting. The authors first explore the performance of two fundamental schemes: push-based and pull-based random access channel (RACH) procedures in terms of preamble collision probability, throughput, energy efficiency, and packet delay. In the push-based scheme, devices are self-energy-aware and there is no schedule signalling cost. However, the performance degrades as the device number increases. The pull-based scheme is an alternative to have stable throughput and energy efficiency, with sacrifice of the extra scheduling cost and increasing latency. As a result, a hybrid scheme is proposed to adaptively select the preamble transmission schemes based on the estimated device number. The hybrid scheme guarantees adequate packet delay under different traffic loads and varying energy levels. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2016.
SDGs
Other Subjects
Access control; Energy harvesting; Harvesters; Internet of things; Medium access control; Network protocols; Packet networks; Power management; Collision probability; Harvesting machines; Human intervention; Machine-to-machine communications; Medium access control protocols; Random access channel; System sustainability; Transmission schemes; Energy efficiency
Type
journal article