Study of Analysis Technique for Major Components in Monascus Foods and Risk Assessment
Date Issued
2010
Date
2010
Author(s)
Tsai, Chia-Fen
Abstract
This study includes four parts: (1) research motive and background, (2) content and risk assessment of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor in foods containing red mould rice (Monascus), (3) survey and risk assessment of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn in foods containing red mould rice (Monascus), (4) content and risk assessment of citrinin in foods containing red mould rice (Monascus).
In the first study, sketching the application history, physiological active substance, health risk that may be hiding of Monascus.
In the second study, the detection method of statins and monacolins were established. Statins (fluvastatin, lovastatin and simvastatin) were analyzed by semi-micro HPLC. The principal steps involved extraction in methanol followed by a BAKERBOND speTM Silica Gel clean up step. In semi-micro HPLC, a reversed phase C18 (LUNA C18) column was used and compounds were separated by a mobile phase of acetonitrile/H2O/acetic acid (70:30:0.5, v/v, pH 3) at a flow rate of 0.15 mL/min. A wavelength of UV detector was set at 240 nm. The minimum detectable quantity of the method was found to be 2.0 μg/g. Monacolin K lactone form (MKL) and acid form (MKA) were analyzed by HPLC and Orbitrap LC/MS/MS. The steps involved extraction in ethanol followed by HPLC or Orbitrap LC/MS/MS analysis. In HPLC, a reversed phase HOLA TM C18 column was used and compounds were separated by a mobile phase of acetonitrile/methanol/0.1% phosphoric acid (40/40/20, v/v). A wavelength of UV detector was set at 236 nm. The minimum detectable quantity of the method was found to be 8 μg/g for MKL and 20 μg/g for MKA. Only lovastatin was found in 41 foods containing red mould rice. The contents of MKL in 24 dietary supplement samples were ranged from 36 to 10238 μg/g, MKA were ranged from < 20 to 3399 μg/g, 8 red mold rice contained MKL ranged from < 8 to 113 μg/g, 8 sauces contained MKL ranged from < 8 to 14 μg/g. The contents of monacolins in dietary supplement were very closer to statin drugs, about 10 - 20% of drugs.
In the third study, the concentrations in 93 red mold rice food samples of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Se, Cu and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Hg was determined by DMA. The results, calculated in mg/kg (wet weight) for each sample, revealed the general scenario of food safety in Taiwan: As (0.005 - 12.04), Cd (< 0.0005 - 2.22), Cr (0.014 - 6.95), Cu (0.012 - 8.70), Pb (0.001 - 0.64), Se (< 0.001 - 1.29), Zn (0.020 - 67.02), and calculated in μg/kg (wet weight) for each sample: Hg (< 0.00005 - 0.024). This study suggests that the estimated intakes of these 8 elements from the consumption of foods containing Monascus pose little risk, as the contents in the majority of samples were lower than the permissible/tolerable intakes per week according to the guidelines recommended by FAO/WHO. Moreover, their concentrations in foods containing Monascus differ widely for different food varieties, suggesting that external contaminants and raw materials are the main sources of these elements.
In the forth study, citrinin was analyzed by HPLC and Orbitrap LC/MS/MS. The steps involved extraction in ethanol followed by HPLC or Orbitrap LC/MS/MS analysis. In HPLC, a reversed phase HOLA TM C18 column was used and compounds were separated by a mobile phase of acetonitrile/methanol/0.1% phosphoric acid (40/40/20, v/v). A wavelength of fluorescene detector was set at Em 330 nm and Ex 500 nm. The minimum detectable quantity of the method was found to be 20 ng/g. The contents of citrinin in 24 dietary supplement samples were ranged from 0.08 to 466 μg/g, 8 red mold rice were ranged from 2.4 to 22.5 μg/g, 8 sauces were ranged from 0.02 to 0.97 μg/g. One dietary supplement contained so higher citrinin, the manufacturer must more care about the quality of raw materials.
Subjects
Monascus
physiological activity
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
citrinin
heavy metals
health risk assessment
SDGs
Type
thesis
File(s)![Thumbnail Image]()
Loading...
Name
ntu-99-D89628008-1.pdf
Size
23.53 KB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum
(MD5):55165bac5b5ed6b8006a28c3ccca4b23