Application of passive immunity and antiviral agents in the treatment of canine distemper
Date Issued
2011
Date
2011
Author(s)
Peng, Tzu-Ting
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious pathogen of carnivores causing high mortality disease. CDV infection can result in a systemic infection with severe immunosuppression, frequently followed by central nervous system involvement. Despite extensive vaccination, CD remains to be a major disease of dogs in both unvaccinated and vaccinated dogs. The disease is common in Taiwan as more than 328 cases were confirmed in the past decade (2000-2010) in NTU animal hospital. To date, except for supportive treatment, no effective treatment for CD is avaible. To help dogs recover from CD, the therapeutic effect of hyperimmune serum in clinical CD cases were evaluated and 15 compounds were screened for their anti-CDV activity in vitro. Among the 13 clinical CD cases receiving hyperimmune serum therapy, all 4 dogs (30.8%) presented without neurological symptoms recovered. Among the 9 dogs (69.2%) presented with neurological symptoms, 4 dogs (44%) recovered and 5 dogs (55.6%) died. To search for antiviral agents against CDV infection in vitro, a virus causing syncytial cytopathic effect was isolated from a 4-year-old dog. The virus was purified and confirmed by immunofluorescence assay and sequencing to be a CDV. Using this new isolate NTU311, 15 commercial antiviral agents were tested. The result showed that 30μM of Ribavirin exhibited 50% inhibitory effect against CDV in vitro and that 9000 IU/ml of IFN-αalso exhibited inhibitory effect. These results suggest that combined use of antiserum, antiviral drugs and immunomodulator has therapeutic potential in treatment of dogs with CD.
Subjects
canine distemper
passive immunity
antiviral agents
SDGs
Type
thesis
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