Numerical studys of ablating liver tumor by high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)

The study is aimed at predicting liver tumor temperature during thermal
ablation using acoustics-thermal-fluid coupling model.
The Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction equation for HIFU(High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound) takes into account the
wave distortion due to the finite-amplitude propagation.
The nonlinear hemodynamic equations are also involved in the simulation domain that contains hepatic tissue domain,
where homogenization dominates in perfusion,
and vascular domain,
where convective cooling is essential.
Pennes Bioheat equation takes into account the thermal conduction with two heat sinks to account for
tissue perfusion and forced convection-induced cooling.
Acoustic streaming is also included in the numerical study.
This article also designs a measurement to compare.