Effect of media milling on anti-inflammation of Ganoderma tsugae

Ganoderma product is a popular healthy food in Taiwan. Literatures showed that G. tsugae supplementation alleviates bronchoalveolar inflammation by decreasing the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the secretion of inflammatory mediators into local lung and airway tissues. Triterpenoids is one of major bioactive compounds of G. tsugae. Literatures indicated it posses anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. Media milling is an economic method to produce ultrafine particles. The ultrafine particles might had enhanced bioactive compounds extraction efficacy and bioavailability. The objective of this article was to explore the feasibility of preparing nano/submicron Ganoderma suspension by using media milling, and to evaluate the effect of size reduction on anti-inflammatory activities. The number average diameter was dramatically reduced from 3.33 μm to 0.10 μm via media milling. Number average diameters of hot water extract and milled supernatant were 110 nm and 70 nm, respectively. Yields of triterpenoids extracted by milled and hot water samples 3.44 mg/g and 2.60 mg/g. Media milling can increase the efficiency of triterpenoids extraction and the triterpenoids content. Crude triterpenoids of nano/submicron Ganoderma suspension were fractionalized to treat RAW264.7 cells which were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results can be used to evaluate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. NO and TNF-α concentration were decreased when LPS-induced RAW264.7 were treated with nano/submicron G. tsugae. Furthermore, treatment with different concentration G. tsugae extract on LPS-induced RAW264.7 showed the inflammatory inhibition through decrease of TNF-α concentration and NF-κB (p65) expression in low dosage, while decreased NO concentration and iNOS expression in high dosage.