Small molecules targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus
Resource
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,101(27),10012-10017.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101 (27): 10012-10017
P Natl Acad Sci USA,101(27),10012-10017.
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Journal Volume
101
Journal Issue
27
Pages
10012-10017
Date Issued
2004-07
Author(s)
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an infectious disease caused by a novel human coronavirus. Currently, no effective antiviral agents exist against this type of virus. A cell-based assay, with SARS virus and Vero E6 cells, was developed to screen existing drugs, natural products, and synthetic compounds to identify effective anti-SARS agents. Of >10,000 agents tested, ?50 compounds were found active at 10 μM; among these compounds, two are existing drugs (Reserpine 13 and Aescin 5) and several are in clinical development. These 50 active compounds were tested again, and compounds 2-6, 10, and 13 showed active at 3 μM. The 50% inhibitory concentrations for the inhibition of viral replication (EC50) and host growth (CC 50) were then measured and the selectivity index (SI = CC 50/EC50) was determined. The EC50, based on ELISA, and SI for Reserpine, Aescim, and Valinomycin are 3.4 μM (SI = 7.3), 6.0 μM (SI = 2.5), and 0.85 μM (SI = 80), respectively. Additional studies were carried out to further understand the mode of action of some active compounds, including ELISA, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assays, and inhibition against the 3CL protease and viral entry. Of particular interest are the two anti-HIV agents, one as an entry blocker and the other as a 3CL protease inhibitor (Ki = 0.6 μM).
SDGs
Other Subjects
alpha hederin; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; antivirus agent; ascorbic acid; didanosine; escin; fp 21399; ginsenoside Rb 1; glycyrrhizic acid; iminocyclitol; lopinavir; lopinavir plus ritonavir; macrolide; melatonin; natural product; nevirapine; pentoxifylline; proteinase inhibitor; reserpine; ribavirin; ritonavir; rupintrivir; saponin; saquinavir; unclassified drug; valinomycin; zidovudine; animal cell; article; controlled study; drug screening; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; flow cytometry; immunofluorescence; nonhuman; priority journal; SARS coronavirus; severe acute respiratory syndrome; virus cell interaction; virus replication; Western blotting; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Blotting, Western; Cercopithecus aethiops; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Endopeptidases; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Flow Cytometry; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; SARS Virus; Vero Cells; Viral Proteins; Virus Replication; Animalia; Coronavirus; Human immunodeficiency virus; RNA viruses; SARS coronavirus
Type
journal article
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