Effects of luteolin and quercetin, inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, on cell growth and metastasis-associated properties in A431 cells overexpressing epidermal growth factor receptor
Resource
British Journal of Pharmacology 128 (5): 999-1010
Journal
British Journal of Pharmacology
Pages
999-1010
Date Issued
1999
Date
1999
Author(s)
Huang, Y -T
Hwang, J -J
Lee, P -P
Ke, F -C
Huang, J -H
Huang, C -J
Kandaswami, C
Middleton, E
Lee, M -T
Abstract
1. Flavonoids display a wide range of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory. Anti-mutagenic, anti-carcinogenic and anti-cancer effects. Here, we evaluated the effects of eight flavonoids on the tumour cell proliferation, cellular protein phosphorylation, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) secretion. 2. Of the flavonoids examined, luteolin (Lu) and quercetin (Qu) were the two most potent agents, and significantly inhibited A431 cell proliferation with IC50 values of 19 and 21 μM, respectively. 3. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 nM) promoted growth of A431 cells (+25 ± 4.6%) and mediated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation of EGFR were inhibited by Lu and Qu. At concentration of 20 μM, both Lu and Qu markedly decreased the levels of phosphorylation of A431 cellular proteins, including EGFR. 4. A431 cells treated with Lu or Qu exhibited protuberant cytoplasmic blebs and progressive shrinkage morphology. Lu and Qu also time-dependently induced the appearance of a ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation, and this effect was abolished by EGF treatment. 5. The addition of EGF only marginally diminished the inhibitory effect of luteolin and quercetin on the growth rate of A431 cells, treatment of cellular proteins with EGF and luteolin or quercetin greatly reduced protein phosphorylation, indicating Lu and Qu may act effectively to inhibit a wide range of protein kinases, including EGFR tyrosine kinase. 6. EGF increased the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), while Lu and Qu appeared to suppress the secretion of these two MMPs in A431 cells. 7. Examination of the relationship between the chemical structure and inhibitory effects of eight flavonoids reveal that the double bond between C2 and C3 in ring C and the OH groups on C3' and C4' in ring B are critical for the biological activities. 8. This study demonstrates that the inhibitory effects of Lu and Qu, and the stimulatory effects of EGF, on tumour cell proliferation, cellular protein phosphorylation, and MMP secretion may be mediated at least partly through EGFR. This study supports the idea that Lu and Qu may have potential as anti-cancer and anti-metastasis agents.
Subjects
Epidermal growth factor receptor; Luteolin; Matrix metalloproteinase; Metastasis; Protein tyrosine kinase; Quercetin
SDGs
Other Subjects
cell DNA; DNA fragment; epidermal growth factor; epidermal growth factor receptor; flavonoid; gelatinase a; gelatinase b; luteolin; protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor; quercetin; article; autophosphorylation; cell growth; cell proliferation; cell shape; chemical bond; growth inhibition; priority journal; protein phosphorylation; tumor cell line; Autoradiography; Blotting, Western; Cell Division; Densitometry; DNA Fragmentation; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Inhibitors; Flavonoids; Humans; Luteolin; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorylation; Phosphotyrosine; Precipitin Tests; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Quercetin; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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