The clinical implications of blood adiponectin in cardiometabolic disorders
Journal
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
Journal Volume
108
Journal Issue
5
Pages
353-366
Date Issued
2009
Abstract
Adipose tissue is now accepted by the scientific and medical community to be a genuine endocrine organ, in addition to its classical role as an energy store. Adiponectin is one of the many adipocytokines that are secreted almost exclusively by adipose tissue. Alteration in blood adiponectin concentrations has been linked to many human diseases in numerous cross-sectional and prospective studies. In this review, we describe briefly the biological effects of adiponectin as revealed by basic scientific investigations. We also summarize the principles of blood adiponectin assays. Overall, lower blood adiponectin concentration is found in subjects with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. These medical conditions are components of the metabolic syndrome and major risk factors for accelerated atherosclerosis. Plasma adiponectin levels are also expected to be lower in subjects with cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke and peripheral artery disease. Congestive heart failure (CHF) and cardiac arrhythmia are common end points in cardiovascular diseases. Surprisingly, higher blood adiponectin levels are frequently reported to predict mortality associated with CHF. Few human data regarding adiponectin and cardiac arrhythmia are available. Higher blood adiponectin level has been documented only in atrial fibrillation. We also summarize data on the role of the high molecular weight (HMW) isoforms of adiponectin and the effects of clinical treatment on the levels of total or HMW adiponectin. Whether adiponectin is a risk marker or a risk factor for the diseases reviewed in this article, and in many other human diseases, and their detailed pathogenic links awaits further investigation. ?2009 Elsevier & Formosan Medical Association.
SDGs
Other Subjects
2,4 thiazolidinedione derivative; acarbose; acipimox; adiponectin; angiotensin 1 receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocking agent; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor; eplerenone; ezetimibe; fibric acid derivative; glimepiride; glucose; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor; indapamide; insulin; meglitinide; metformin; nicotinic acid; oral antidiabetic agent; pioglitazone; repaglinide; rimonabant; rosiglitazone; sibutramine; spironolactone; sulfonylurea derivative; tetrahydrolipstatin; thiazide diuretic agent; unindexed drug; abdominal fat; adipose tissue; artery disease; atherosclerosis; beta adrenergic receptor blocking; blood analysis; cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular risk; cerebrovascular accident; congestive heart failure; coronary artery disease; cytokine release; diabetic nephropathy; drug effect; dyslipidemia; energy balance; fatty acid blood level; fatty acid oxidation; glucose blood level; glucose intolerance; glucose metabolism; heart arrhythmia; heart atrium fibrillation; hormone action; human; hypercholesterolemia; hyperglycemia; hyperinsulinemia; hypertension; hypertriglyceridemia; insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; insulin resistance; insulin sensitivity; lifestyle modification; liposuction; metabolic disorder; molecular weight; mortality; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; nonhuman; obesity; ovary polycystic disease; prognosis; protein blood level; review; risk factor; skeletal muscle; subcutaneous fat; weight reduction
Publisher
Scientific Communications International Ltd
Type
review