行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫成果報告:中國人原發性隅角開放性青光眼與近視及其他風險因素之長期研究（３／３）
Date Issued
2002
Date
2002
Author(s)
洪伯廷
DOI
902314B002149
Abstract
(1) Current Issues in Myopia
Although myopia has been present in humans for a long time, the last few decades of the 20th century brought about an explosion in the prevalence of myopia worldwide, especially in developing Asian countries. Because of the rapidly increasing rates of this disease, it may be considered an epidemic of global proportions that warrants extensive research in the future. Therefore, myopia is equally important as a social issue of public health, as well as a problem that needs to be researched heavily on epidemiology, therapy as well as in advance etiological study.
Only recently we have began to realize the importance of myopia in the impairment of visual function. Myopia affects the young and the old in their visual dysfunction, thereby greatly affecting a continuum in the community and its associated socioeconomic development. Thus, the solution to the problem of myopia requires much more than a simple corrective lens. As there is currently very little information available regarding the etiological molecular biology of myopia, it is essential for future research to focus on this field too.
In this presentation, the author shall briefly review the current status of myopia from an epidemiological standpoint, myopia and its relationship to visual impairment, and recent studies regarding a new therapeutic approach using multiple focal lenses along with topical medication.
(2) Epidemiologic Study of the Prevalence and Severity of Myopia Among Schoolchildren in Taiwan in 2000
A nationwide survey was performed in 2000 to determine the prevalence and severity of myopia among schoolchildren in Taiwan and to compare these findings with the results of the last survey performed in 1995.
We first divided the whole island into regions according to developmental grade scores and then sampled with the probability proportional to the size of the population within each stratum. A total of 10,889 students were enrolled.
The prevalence and severity of myopia in schoolchildren in Taiwan in 2000 increased compared to 1995, with the most severe increases occurring in younger age groups. Thus, preventing schoolchildren developing myopia at a young age may slow down the increase in severity of myopia in Taiwan.
(3) Visual Impairment Among the Middle-Aged and Elderly Population in Chin-Shan Township, Taipei County
To investigate the status and causes of visual impairment in middle-aged (40 to 65 years old) and elderly (>65 years old) people in Taiwan. Cataract was the most frequent cause of visual impairment and retinopathy was the second most frequent cause for the middle-aged and aged population of Chin-Shan Xiang, Taipei County, in 1992 and 1994.
(4) Evaluation of Optic Disc Changes in Severe Myopia
In glaucoma diagnosis, morphometry of the intra- and parapapillary structures can help to differentiate nonnal eyes with ocular hypertension from those with early glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy. However, these typical features are not valid in highly myopic eyes, where the optic disc has a distinctly different ophthalmoscopic appearance. The use of stereophotography with computerized planimetry to measure the size of the optic disc and neuroretinal rim has enhanced the assessment of the optic nerve in glaucoma.
(5) Effects of Dopamine Antagonists in Human Eye Accommodation
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dopamine antagonists in accommodation of the human eye. The dopamine antagonist drugs used in this experiment include 0.5% metoclopramide and 0.25% droperidol. Eighteen healthy subjects were enrolled; they were randomly assigned, in double-masked fashion, to receive topical administration of single drop of either 0.5% metoclopramide or 0.25% droperidol in one eye, with the fellow eye receiving isotonic saline as control. The accommodative abilities of both eyes were measured before instillation, and also at 3 and 6 hr after instillation of drugs, respectively. We studied the latency of reaction, the rate of accommodation, the average accommodative power, the rate of recovering and the total recovering time as the five parameters for evaluation the accommodative ability of each eye.
The results showed that there were significant changes in two parameters: the rate of accommodation and rate of recovering.
Subjects
POAG
myopia
axial length
NTUH
SDGs
Publisher
臺北市：國立臺灣大學醫學院眼科
Type
journal article
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