External Costs of Trips in Urban Area
Date Issued
2006
Date
2006
Author(s)
Chang, Kuo-Ting
DOI
zh-TW
Abstract
Urban transportation systems can be divided into public transit, paratransit and private transportation. According to past researches, private motorized modes always have higher external costs than others yet private motorized modes have been used more constantly than public transit. The main reason is that users of private motorized modes perceive comparatively higher utility and they do not pay for external costs such as air pollution, noise, accident and congestion. Therefore, the society has paid huge resources for these external influences. This study aims to develop an external cost model to quantify effects of air pollution, noise pollution, accident and congestion. The study applies the impact path approach for quantifying the impacts of air pollution. For noise, the study applies preventive expenditure approach to analyze noise pollution. For accident, human capital approach is applied in the study. For congestion, the study uses time value to analyze congestion cost. The quantification processes developed for each of the external costs are based transport activities and rational evaluation approach. Therefore, they can be applied in other urban areas. The external cost model is applied to evaluate trips in Taipei Metropolitan. It was found that the passenger car trips have the highest external cost of NT$ 80.96 per trip while the motorcycle trips have the second highest external cost of NT$ 21.55 per trip. It was also found that the noise costs are mainly contributed from motorcycle trips. The study concluded that the society would have more benefits if private motorized modes paid more external costs. Furthermore, policy of improving public transit system will generate more benefits than policy of increasing charge of external costs for private motorized modes.
Subjects
外部成本
空氣污染
噪音污染
肇事成本
擁擠成本
External Cost
Air Pollution
Noise
Accident
Congestion
SDGs
Type
thesis
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