The detection and association of canine papillomavirus with benign and malignant skin lesions in dogs
Journal
Viruses
Journal Volume
12
Journal Issue
2
Date Issued
2020
Author(s)
Abstract
Papillomavirus (PV) mainly infects the squamous epithelium and may potentially lead to benign or even malignant cutaneous lesions. However, the malignant transforming ability has been identified in several types of PVs. In humans, papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 18 are the most prevalent causative agents of cervical cancer. Therefore, vaccines are being developed to protect against these types. For dogs, there have been limited investigations into the association of different canine papillomavirus (CPV) genotypes with malignant lesions. Understanding the high-risk CPV genotype(s) responsible for these malignant lesions would contribute to the development of interventions for preventing CPV-induced carcinomas. In the present study, a retrospective cohort of 102 pathologically confirmed papillomas and 212 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) were included. The viral genome and antigens in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues were detected using PCR targeting pan PV E1 and COPV L1 genes and by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC), respectively. PVs were successfully detected from 11 FFPE cutaneous tissues and four oral tissues using pan PV E1- and COPV L1-based PCR, respectively. After sequencing, CPV 1, CPV 2, and CPV 6 were detected in the benign lesions using PCR and were confirmed through IHC. While CPV 9 and CPV 15 were first detected in the SCCs of dogs, CPV 16 was most often detected in SCC specimens. The association and confirmative demonstration of viral genes and intralesional antigens of CPV 9, CPV 15, and CPV 16 in SCCs highlight the potential risk of these genotypes of CPVs in malignant transformation. ? 2020 by the authors.
Subjects
Canine oral papillomavirus; Canine papillomavirus; Papilloma; Squamous cell carcinoma
SDGs
Other Subjects
virus antigen; paraffin; virus DNA; animal tissue; antigen detection; Article; cohort analysis; controlled study; disease association; genotype; histopathology; immunohistochemistry; malignant transformation; nonhuman; Papillomaviridae; papillomavirus infection; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; protein targeting; retrospective study; sequence analysis; skin infection; squamous cell skin carcinoma; virus detection; virus gene; virus genome; virus strain; animal; cell transformation; dog; dog disease; genetics; papillomavirus infection; pathogenicity; pathology; skin; skin tumor; squamous cell carcinoma; veterinary medicine; virology; Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; DNA, Viral; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Immunohistochemistry; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Paraffin Embedding; Retrospective Studies; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
Type
journal article