Urban ponds as hotspots of antibiotic resistome in the urban environment
Journal
Journal of Hazardous Materials
Journal Volume
403
Date Issued
2021
Author(s)
Abstract
The occurrence, dissemination and assembly processes of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in urban water ecosystems are far from being understood. Here, we examined the diversity and abundance of ARGs in urban water ecosystems including landscape ponds, drinking water reservoirs, influents (IFs) and effluents (EFs) of wastewater treatment plants of a coastal city, China through high-throughput quantitative PCR. A total of 237 ARGs were identified, where multidrug, aminoglycoside and beta-lactamase resistance genes were the most abundant. Urban ponds had a comparatively high diversity and large numbers of shared ARGs with IFs and EFs. The average absolute abundance of ARGs (1.38 × 107 copies/mL) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (4.19 × 106 copies/mL) in ponds were only one order of magnitude lower than those of IFs, but higher than those of EFs and reservoirs. Stochastic processes dominated the ARG community assembly in IFs and ponds due to the random horizontal gene transfer caused by MGEs. These results imply that urban ponds are hotspots of ARGs. We further identified 25, 3, and 11 indicator ARGs for tracing the ARG contamination from IFs, EFs and ponds, respectively. Our study represents the first to highlight the role of urban ponds in the dissemination of ARGs. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Subjects
Antibiotic resistance genes; Bacterial community; Ecological processes; High-throughput quantitative PCR; Urban water ecosystem
Other Subjects
Antibiotics; Ecosystems; Effluents; Gene transfer; Genes; Hydrogeology; Lakes; Plants (botany); Polymerase chain reaction; Potable water; Random processes; Reservoirs (water); Sewage treatment plants; Stochastic systems; Wastewater treatment; Antibiotic resistance genes; Assembly process; Community assembly; Horizontal gene transfer; Quantitative PCR; Resistance genes; Urban environments; Wastewater treatment plants; Ponds; aminoglycoside; beta lactamase inhibitor; chloramphenicol; drinking water; lincosamide; macrolide; mikamycin B; RNA 16S; sulfonamide; tetracycline; vancomycin; antiinfective agent; antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; genetic analysis; pond; urban area; wastewater treatment plant; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic resistance gene; antibiotic resistome; Article; China; comparative study; controlled study; ecosystem; effluent; gene; horizontal gene transfer; influent; landscape; liquid waste; microbial community; microbial diversity; mobile genetic element; multidrug resistance; nonhuman; pond; population abundance; real time polymerase chain reaction; stochastic model; urban area; waste water treatment plant; water contamination; water pollutant; water supply; bacterial gene; city; Bacteria (microorganisms); Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Cities; Ecosystem; Genes, Bacterial; Ponds
Type
journal article