Effect of Momordica charantia L. and it’s ethyl acetate extract on serum and liver inflammatory markers in LPS induced acute inflammation model

Effect of sample on cytokines secretion of macrophage in vitro and LPS-induced acute inflammatory mice model are often used to screen sample with inflammatory modulation effect. Many researchs has revealed that wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata ser) has anti-inflammatory potential. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of wild bitter gourd (Hualian NO.4 and NO.4, H3- and H4- respectively) on inflammation.
Analyzing the effect of H3- and H4- bitter gourd extracts on LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells, etanol extract(-EtOH), ethyl acetate extract(-EA) and hexane extract(-Hex) significantly inhibit TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion in a dose-dependent manner in both strain, but water extract(-W) significantly promote IL-6 secretion in both strain.
Analyzing the effect of extracts on secretion by peritoneal exudate cells(PEC) of mice, H3-W and H4-W extracts significantly promote spontaneous secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta, but EA extracts have no effect on secretion of cytokine. For LPS-stimulated PEC, H3-W significantly promotes TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, has a promotive trend and significantly inhibits IL-6 secretion at 25ug/mL and 75ug/mL respectively, H4-W significantly promotes IL-1beta secretion and has a promotive trend in TNF-alpha secretion, H3-EA significantly promote TNF-alpha secretion but significantly inhibit IL-6 and IL-1beta secretion, H4-EA significantly inhibit TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion.
In LPS-induced acute inflammatory mice model, feeding mice with wild bitter gourd samples for a week and provokes acute inflammation by 15mg LPS injection intraperitonealy. The results shows that serum level of IL-6 and survival time are highly correlated 9hr post LPS challenge, and is able to predict survival status, revealing that Serum level of IL-6 9hr post LPS challenge is a ideal marker for severity of inflammation. Feeding 30mg H3-EA/kgBW/day does no affect survival time and serum IL-6 level 9hr post LPS challenge, feeding 18.8mg H4-EA /kgBW/day does no affect survival time but signigicantly elevating serum IL-6 level 9hr post LPS challenge, feeding diet with 5% H3 or H4 wild bitter gourd powder(BGP) significantly accelerates death and elevating serum IL-6 level 9hr post LPS challenge. Analyzing liver mRNA expression 9hr post LPS challenge, H4-EA significantly promote NOS2 expression, has a higher IL-6, IL-1beta and IL-10 expression trend, H4-BGP significantly promotes TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta ,IL-10, IFN-gamma and NOS2 expression.
Analyzing wild bitter gourd samples on serum and liver inflammatory markers of normal mice, H4-BGP significantly increases CXCL10 level and has a higher serum IL-6 trend in serum, significantly promotes IL-6 secretion by PEC, signigicantly increases TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1b, IL-10, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-12b, NOS2 and CXCL10 mRNA expression in liver, and has a higher chi3l3 mRNA expression trend in liver, but H4-EA dose not affect cytokine level of serum, productivity of PEC and mRNA expression pattern in liver.
The results shows that, H4-EA does not affect liver and serum inflammatory markers of normal mice, but exaggerate inflammatory response in acute model. H4-BGP promotes normal mice expresses inflammatory cytokines mRNA in liver, inducing IL-6 secretion by macrophage, and exaggerates inflammatory response in acute model. Therefore, in development of functional food, it must cautiously evaluate the effect of wild bitter gourd on inflammatory response.