Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality due to cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease in Shenyang, China
Journal
PLoS ONE
Journal Volume
6
Journal Issue
6
Date Issued
2011
Author(s)
Zhang, Pengfei
Dong, Guanghui
Sun, Baijun
Zhang, Liwen
Chen, Xi
Ma, Nannan
Yu, Fei
Guo, Huimin
Huang, Hui
Lee, Yungling Leo
Tang, Naijun
Chen, Jie
Federici, Massimo
Abstract
Background: The relationship between ambient air pollution exposure and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in human is controversial, and there is little information about how exposures to ambient air pollution contribution to the mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among Chinese. The aim of the present study was to examine whether exposure to ambient-air pollution increases the risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Methodology/Principal Findings: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among humans to examine the association between compound-air pollutants [particulate matter <10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)] and mortality in Shenyang, China, using 12 years of data (1998-2009). Also, stratified analysis by sex, age, education, and income was conducted for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality. The results showed that an increase of 10 μg/m3 in a year average concentration of PM10 corresponds to 55% increase in the risk of a death cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51 to 1.60) and 49% increase in cerebrovascular disease (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.45 to 1.53), respectively. The corresponding figures of adjusted HR (95%CI) for a 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 was 2.46 (2.31 to 2.63) for cardiovascular mortality and 2.44 (2.27 to 2.62) for cerebrovascular mortality, respectively. The effects of air pollution were more evident in female that in male, and nonsmokers and residents with BMI<18.5 were more vulnerable to outdoor air pollution. Conclusion/Significance: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with the death of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among Chinese populations. ? 2011 Zhang et al.
SDGs
Other Subjects
nitrogen dioxide; sulfur dioxide; nitrogen dioxide; sulfur dioxide; adult; aged; air pollution; air quality; ambient air; article; cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular risk; cause of death; cerebrovascular disease; China; concentration (parameters); controlled study; disease association; environmental exposure; female; human; human impact (environment); long term exposure; male; mortality; risk assessment; risk reduction; sex difference; age distribution; air pollutant; air pollution; cardiovascular disease; cerebrovascular disease; chemically induced disorder; China; educational status; environmental exposure; legal aspect; middle aged; particulate matter; policy; retrospective study; sex ratio; social class; time; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; China; Educational Status; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Public Policy; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Sex Distribution; Social Class; Sulfur Dioxide; Time Factors
Type
journal article