Optimal Design of Structures with Openings Using Beam and Column Elements

Real buildings usually use beams and columns system, but topology optimization is difficult to apply in this system. This research expect to use topology optimization design in the buildings with beams and columns system. We use beam elements and column element to combine topology optimization, that topology optimization is more likely to make the application in the real buildings. There are many structures with openings like door, windows or room for pipes. Stiffness of structures will decrease because of openings. This research also expect to use optimization design to reduce the effect of stiffness. Our team have used the steepest descent method to determine the positions of openings. Therefore, this research want to use many kinds of algorithms to compare the effect. Pattern search and simulated annealing are better than other algorithms. We use simulated annealing to get the result, and then take the result using for the pattern search. The performance of using this method is better than only using one algorithm. This method is good for optimization of positions. This research verifies that the stiffness of column elements will affect the result of topology optimization. If stiffness of column elements is too small, the result of topology optimization will be irregular. Because the displacement fields between different elements do not match, it causes this result. The connection types between beam and column elements will also affect the result of topology optimization, but it only performs when the floor is high enough. The forms of force also affect the result of topology. Vertical force and lateral force cause different topology result.