BIODEGRADATION OF PHTHALATE ESTERS BY CYANOBACTERIA
Resource
JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, 46(6), 1106-1113
Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
Journal Volume
46
Journal Issue
6
Pages
1106-1113
Date Issued
2010
Date
2010
Author(s)
Babu, Bakthavachalam
Wu, Jiunn-Tzong
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PEs) are endocrine-disrupting pollutants that are ubiquitous in the environment and can be degraded by microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the kinetics and pathway of biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) by cyanobacteria Anabaena flos-aquae G. S. West (strain 4054) and two strains of Microcystis aeruginosa (Kütz.) Kütz. (strain 2396 and strain SM). Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) and a deuterium-labeled compound were used to analyze the degrading intermediates. The findings revealed that all three organisms were capable of metabolizing PE, and that among these organisms, A. flos-aquae achieved the highest degradation. Additionally, the biodegradation of DBP, DEP, and DMP followed first-order kinetics. Moreover, the results of the enzymatic study suggested that PE was degraded through transesterification on the side chains rather than deesterification. Finally, experiments using deuterium-labeled DBP showed that there were two degradation pathways: C16→ C14→ C12→ C10→ C8 and C16→ C15→ C13→ C11→ C9. Based on our results, the biodegradation pathway of PE for cyanobacteria was suggested. © 2010 Phycological Society of America.
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