A Study of Fundamental Transformation (??raya-pariv?tti/ ??raya-par?v?tti) in the Cheng weishi lun and Kuiji’s Commentaries
Date Issued
2011
Date
2011
Author(s)
Chao, Tung-Ming
Abstract
Abstract
This Dissertation is principally a study of “fundamental transformation”(the transformation of the basis; āśraya-parivṛtti/ āśraya-parāvṛtti) in the Cheng weishi lun and Kuiji’s Cheng weishi lun shuji. According to Cheng weishi lun, there are “four meanings of the ‘transformation of the basis’ ”: “the path that operates transformation,” “the basis to be transformed,” “that which is rejected by transformation,” and “that which is acquired by means of transformation.” I will particularly focus on the latter two meanings: “the basis to be transformed”[which is “basis”(āśraya)] and “the path that operates transformation”[which is “non-discriminating wisdom”(nir-vikalpa-jñāna)] by delving into Dharmapāla’s view of the “four aspects” theory of cognition[or consciousness], that is, every “cognition[or consciousness](citta) and mental function(caitasika/ caitta),” which has four parts: the “appearance of an object”(arthābhāsa), the “appearance of itself as subject”(svābhāsa), the “self-cognition”(svasaṃvitti/ svasaṃvedana), and the “self-cognition of self-cognition.”
Basically “the basis to be transformed” of the “four meanings of the ‘transformation of the basis’ ” is the “basis”(āśraya). In light of the interpretation of Cheng weishi lun, all pure and impure conditioned dharmas(saṃskṛta) have two “bases”(āśraya): one is the “basis of the holding seeds” that is “store consciousness”(ālaya-vijñāna)[which belongs to conditioned dharma(saṃskṛta)] and the other is the “basis of delusion and enlightenment” that is “reality”(tathatā)[which belongs to unconditioned dharma(asaṃskṛta)]. Furthermore, every “cognition[or consciousness](citta) and the mental function (caitasika/ caitta)” has three kinds of “bases”(āśraya), such as the “basis of causes and conditions”(hetupratyaya-āśraya), the “basis of incessant causation”(samanantarapratyaya-āśraya), and the “basis of causes beyond direct empowerment”(adhipatipratyaya-āśraya). Therefore, the “store consciousness”(ālaya-vijñāna) also has three kinds of the “bases”(āśraya). The “seeds”(bīja) in the “store consciousness”(ālaya-vijñāna) itself is the “basis of causes and conditions”(hetupratyaya-āśraya), the previous “store consciousness”(ālaya-vijñāna) disappearing in an instant is the “basis of incessant causation”(samanantarapratyaya-āśraya), “the seventh consciousnesses”（mano-vijñāna） is the “basis of causes beyond direct empowerment”(adhipatipratyaya-āśraya). And the “store consciousness”(ālaya-vijñāna) also has “four aspects” of cognition[or consciousness]. The “seeds”(bīja) is its “appearance of an object”(arthābhāsa), the “manifestation of form” is its “appearance of itself as subject”(svābhāsa) [which is cognitive function], and the “cognition[or consciousness] itself” is the “self-cognition”(svasaṃvitti/ svasaṃvedana).
The“non-discriminating wisdom”(nir-vikalpa-jñāna), which makes “fundamental transformation”(the transformation of the basis; āśraya-parivṛtti/ āśraya-parāvṛtti) possible, belongs to “the path that operates transformation. Except “fundamental non-discriminating wisdom,” other wisdoms, like the “initial non-discriminating wisdom,” “subsequent non-discriminating wisdom,” and “four wisdoms”[that is the “Great Awakening” of one of the “that which is acquired by means of transformation” of “fundamental transformation”(the transformation of the basis; āśraya-parivṛtti/ āśraya-parāvṛtti)] all have “four aspects” of cognition[or consciousness]. As a result, the “fundamental non-discriminating wisdom” is the keypoint to make “fundamental transformation”(the transformation of the basis; āśraya-parivṛtti/ āśraya-parāvṛtti) possible. Without the “appearance of an object”(arthābhāsa), it does not have the “attachment by the mind to the objects in the six realms,” Besides, the “fundamental non-discriminating wisdom” and the “reality”(tathatā)[which is one of the “basis”(āśraya) of the “fundamental transformation”(the transformation of the basis; āśraya-parivṛtti/ āśraya-parāvṛtti)] are completely equal, the correlation between the two is “wisdom and reality is non-duality” or “wisdom and reality is not one, not different.”
Subjects
fundamental transformation(the transformation of the basis, asraya-parivrtti or asraya-paravrtti)
basis(asraya)
basis of causes and conditions(hetupratyaya-asraya)
basis of incessant causation(samanantarapratyaya-asraya)
basis of causes beyond direct empowerment(adhipatipratyaya-asraya)
basis of the holding seeds(store consciousness,alaya-vijnana)
basis of delusion and enlightenment(reality,tathata)
four aspects
self-cognition(svasamvitti or svasamvedana)
attachment by the mind to the objects in the six realms
non-discriminating wisdom(nir-vikalpa-jnana)
four wisdoms
Type
thesis
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