Ketamine Expectancy and Lifetime Use Experience of Ketamine among Regular Alcohol and Tobacco Users in Taipei Metropolitan Area
Date Issued
2012
Date
2012
Author(s)
Chang, Chao-Ming
Abstract
Aims: The present study aimed to (a) examine whether the positive and negative expectancy, respectively, was associated with ketamine-using behavior, and (b) explore the relationship between different combinations of dichotomized positive-negative expectancy and ketamine-using behavior.
Methods: Study subjects were participants recruited by using respondent driven sampling among regular alcohol and tobacco users in Taipei metropolitan area from 2007 to 2010. The total number of newly-recruited subjects in each year during the 4 years was 1130. After excluding subjects whose repertoire of illegal drug use did not include ketamine, or who failed to complete the questionnaires on expectancy, the final sample size for this study was 1012. Each participant underwent an audio computer-assisted self-interview for previous experience of drug use, expectancy of ketamine use, and other measurements. Group comparisons were conducted using either chi-square test or ANOVA, and correlates of a multi-group outcome were examined using multinomial logistic regression.
Results: According to ketamine-use experience, subjects were categorized into 3 groups: illegal drug naive (N = 845, 83%), ketamine use only (N = 30, 3%) and ketamine use with other drugs (N = 137, 14%). Results from multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that positive expectancy was positively associated with ketamine use only (OR = 1.51, p < 0.01) and ketamine use with other drugs (OR = 1.68, p < 0.001); in contrast, negative expectancy inversely associated with ketamine use only (OR = 0.80, p < 0.05) and ketamine use with other drugs (OR = 0.70, p < 0.001). Then we used the median of positive and negative expectancy among illegal drug naive, respectively, to dichotomize expectancy into high vs. low subgroups. Using the subgroup of low-positive plus high-negative as reference, the results of multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that subgroups of high-positive plus low-negative was positively associated with ketamine use only (OR = 3.28, p < 0.05) and ketamine use with other drugs (OR = 41.21, p < 0.0001).
Discussion and Conclusions: This study helped shed light on the relationship between different ketamine-using patterns and ketamine expectancy, and then provided new information for the intervention or prevention of ketamine use.
Subjects
ketamine
ketamine expectancy
poly-drug use
SDGs
Type
thesis
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