Oligosaccharide and Peptidoglycan of Ganoderma lucidum Activate the Immune Response in Human Mononuclear Cells
Resource
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 60(11), 2830-2837
Journal
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Pages
2830-2837
Date Issued
2012
Date
2012
Author(s)
Tsai, Chia-Che
Yang, Feng-Ling
Huang, Zih-You
Chen, Chien-Sheng
Yang, Yu-Liang
Hua, Kuo-Feng
Li, Jianjun
Chen, Shui-Tein
Wu, Shih-Hsiung
Abstract
The acid-hydrolyzed fragments of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPS) obtained by Smith degradation were separated by size-exclusion chromatography into two major water-soluble fractions: peptidoglycans (GLPS-SF1) and oligosaccharides (GLPS-SF2). Both fractions induced CD69 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPB-MNCs), and they displayed distinct immunomodulating properties. GLPS-SF1, with a molecular weight of around 20 kDa, were heterogeneous peptidoglycans composed of glucose/mannose (4:1) that exhibited biological activities with Th1 cytokines IL-12, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in hPB-MNCs and stimulated macrophage cytokine expression via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. For GLPS-SF2, with a molecular weight of around several kilodaltons, its sugar sequence was elucidated by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as [-α-1,4-Glc-(β-1,4-GlcA)(3)-](n). This oligosaccharide displayed specific immune property with low monocyte induction, greatly stimulated cell activation and proliferation of NK and T cells. This oligosaccharide isolated from G. lucidum polysaccharides with internal glucuronic acids/glucose repeat unit in a 3:1 ratio may be responsible for the active stimulation of NK and T cells.
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Type
journal article
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