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Aquifer Characterization Using Fiber Bragg Grating Multi-Level Monitoring System
Journal
Groundwater
Date Issued
2022
Author(s)
DOI
GRWAA
Abstract
Groundwater responses measured from multiple wells at different depths are essential for delineating the aquifer heterogeneity using hydraulic tomography (HT). In general, conducting HT requires many wells because traditional well monitoring is usually partially open at a specific depth interval or is fully penetrating. Accordingly, conducting an HT survey is typically costly and time-consuming. To tackle these issues, a new multi-level monitoring system (MLMS) for the HT survey was developed using the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technique. This FBG MLMS could collect the depth-discrete groundwater observations from a fully penetrated 2-inch well. Three field campaigns were conducted to validate the capability of the FBG MLMS for HT surveys. The results show that the accuracy and stability of this MLMS are reliable and that FBG MLMS is beneficial for conducting an HT survey. Specifically, compared to the traditional monitoring well in an injection event, this FBG MLMS can concurrently cause an increase in the number of cross-hole tests several times and collect many more head observations than the standard methods, resulting in the observed flow fields efficiently reaching ergodic conditions and effectively improving the accuracy of the estimated hydraulic heterogeneity. Therefore, the FBG MLMS could be an alternative MLMS for efficiently and economically conducting an HT survey. © 2022 National Ground Water Association.
Subjects
Aquifers; Groundwater resources; Level measurement; Monitoring; Surveys; Aquifer characterization; Aquifer heterogeneity; Field campaign; Fully-penetrated; Hydraulic tomographies; Level monitoring systems; Monitoring wells; Multilevels; Multiple wells; Well monitoring; Fiber Bragg gratings
Publisher
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Type
journal article