The Neuromuscular and Mechanical Effects of Plyometric Exercise Training on Human Gastrocnemius Muscle
Date Issued
2007
Date
2007
Author(s)
Wu, Yu-Kuang
DOI
zh-TW
Abstract
Introduction：Plyometric exercise training has been used to train athlete for developing a explosive force. This explosive force is the key point of the competition in exercise requiring large power. It is believed that plyometric exercise training may affect neural adaptation and the usage of energy in tendon. Plyometric exercise is defined as a fast and powerful movement using a active eccentric contraction induce a powerful concentric contraction (stretch-shortening cycle(SSC)). Purpose of plyometric exercise is to increase the level of excitation of neural system to improve the ability of reaction action of neuromuscular system, but the mechanism is not well understood. Previous study suggested that the effects of plyometric exercise training dominant in neural adaptation rather than the structure or morphology (ex: cross-section area) change in the muscle.
Due to the development of ultrasonography, we could detect the viscoelastic properties in vivo in muscle-tendon complex by isometric contraction. By these techniques, we could understand the actual characteristics in human being and the change after training. In the other way, we use twitch interpolation technique to detect the change of muscle activation.
Accordingly, the study is to completely detect the effect of plyometric exercise training by ultrasonography, nerve conduction velocity and electromyography. The results could be an information for assessing the characteristics of neuron and muscle and a principle for training to achieve the maximum exercise performance.
Purpose：To detect the effects on muscle activation level and mechanical properties of human gastrocnemius muscle of eight weeks plyometric exercise training. Methods and Materials：Sixteen healthy young college students without requiring medical service for lower limb due to injury in past 6 months accept 8 weeks plyometric exercise training. Using nerve conduction velocity test, surface electromyography, isometric dynamometer, electrogoniometer and ultrasonography to detect the change of (1)muscle activation level. (2)number of α-motorneuron. (3)nerve conduction velocity. And the mechanical properties of muscle-tendon complex are including (1)fascicle length. (2)fascicle angle. (3)fascicle curvature in muscle(4)muscle composition and (1)stiffness (2)hysterisis in tendon and electromechanical delay are also analysis. Result：In 4 weeks, there is a significantly increased in neural adaptation reflected in muscle activation（+13%, p<0.0083） and RMS-EMG /Mmax（+56%, p<0.0083） of soleus muscle. The isometric maximal voluntary contraction also increased（+9%, p<0.0083）significantly. After 8 weeks training, there is significantly increased in stiffness of tendon-aponeurosis complex（+48%, p<0.0083） and the jumping performance. However, there is no significant change in muscle architecture and composition after 8 weeks plyometric exercise training. Conclusion： The effects of 8 weeks plyometric exercise training may increase isometric maximal voluntary contraction and jumping performance by the neural adaptation and the mechanical property of tendon-aponeurosis complex.
Subjects
增強式運動
肌肉活化
神經適應
肌肉結構
最大自主用力
plyometric exercise
muscle activation
neural adaptatio
muscle architecture
maximal voluntary contraction
SDGs
Type
other
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