From nutraceutical to clinical trial: frontiers in Ganoderma development
Journal
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Journal Volume
102
Journal Issue
21
Pages
9037-9051
Date Issued
2018
Author(s)
Hsu K.-D.
Abstract
Ganoderma spp. are medical mushrooms with various pharmacological compounds which are regarded as a nutraceutical for improving health and treating diseases. This review summarizes current progress in the studies of Gamoderma ranging from bioactive metabolites, bioactivities, production techniques to clinical trials. Traditionally, polysaccharides and ganoderic acids have been reported as the major bioactive metabolites of Ganoderma possessing anti-tumor and immunomodulation functions. Moreover, recent studies indicate that Gandoerma also exerts other bioactivities such as skin lighting, gut microbiota regulation, and anti-virus effects. However, since these medical fungi are rare in natural environment, and that the cost of cultivation of fruiting bodies is high, industrial submerged fermentation of Ganoderma mycelia promotes the development of Ganoderma by dint of an increase of biomass and bioactive metabolites used for further application. In addition, various strategies for production of different metabolites are well developed, such as gene regulation, bi-stage pH, and oxygen control. To date, Ganoderma not only has become one of the most popular nutraceuticals worldwide but also has been applied to clinical trials for advanced diseases such as breast and non-small-cell lung cancer. ? 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Subjects
Clinical trials
Ganoderma
Metabolites
Nutraceutical
SDGs
Other Subjects
Biotechnology; Fungi; Medical applications; Metabolites; Viruses; Clinical trial; Ganoderma; Immuno modulations; Natural environments; Non small cell lung cancer; Nutraceuticals; Production techniques; Submerged fermentation; Biomolecules; ergosterol; ganoderol; nucleoside; nutraceutical; polysaccharide; unclassified drug; biological product; bioactivity; biomass; biotechnology; digestive system; fermentation; fruiting; genetic analysis; immune system; metabolite; mushroom; antimalarial activity; antineoplastic activity; antiviral activity; apoptosis; cancer cell; cell death; cholesterol synthesis; comparative study; fruiting body; fucosylation; fungal biomass; fungus hyphae; Ganoderma; genetic engineering; immunomodulation; industrial production; inoculation; intestine flora; neuroprotection; non small cell lung cancer; nonhuman; obesity management; oxygen supply; peripheral blood mononuclear cell; pH; regulatory mechanism; Review; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; submerged fermentation; thrombocyte aggregation; upregulation; virus culture; Agaricales; animal; biomass; clinical trial (topic); dietary supplement; fermentation; Ganoderma; human; metabolism; physiology; Basidiomycota; Fungi; Ganoderma; Agaricales; Animals; Biological Products; Biomass; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dietary Supplements; Fermentation; Ganoderma; Humans
Type
journal article