The Transnational Advocacy Network of Environmental Issues: Case Study of the Bear Bile Campaign in China
Date Issued
2009
Date
2009
Author(s)
Yu, Kuo-Yuan
Abstract
The global society has tried to solve environmental problems with transnational cooperation for the past decades. This thesis attempts to analyze China’s bear bile issue to understand the process of transnational advocacy. Bear bile, as Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been used in China for thousands of years. China has started ‘farming bears’ for producing bile more efficiently since 1980’s, a criticized industry which has been exposed by INGOs in 1990’s. The Transnational Advocacy Network (TAN) formed since then with the goal to save bears and close bear farms in China. Enlightened by the hypothesis of Boomerang Pattern, this thesis has explored the interactions and strategies of network actors, as well as factors that determine the fulfillment of the Bear Bile TAN. rom ‘information politics,’ ‘leverage politics,’ ‘symbol politics’ and ‘accountability politics,’ the advocacy organizations has manipulated the factors such as international prestige, animal welfare, international convention, economic interests, and so on to persuade consumers, TCM groups, and to lobby Chinese officials to stop farming bears. Due to the fact that Chinese government still has the upper hand, these organizations currently incline to cooperate with the government. This strategical shift results in the failure to fulfill TAN’s goal, despite the fact that TAN did succeed in exposing information and forming alliance. n terms of TANs, the traits of issues and target countries, the connection among NGOs, as well as the timing and approaches of advocacy all contribute to the outcome of networks. To advocate in a non-democratic regime like China challenges the ability to adopt for environmental TANs.
Subjects
China
NGO
Transnational Advocacy Network
CITES
Environmental Politics
Type
thesis
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