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Phylogeographic relationships and historical demography of Formosan serow based on mitochondrial D-loop sequences
Date Issued
2015
Date
2015
Author(s)
Sun, Pei-Yu
Abstract
Phylogeography is the study of the genetic and geographic structure of populations and species. Phylogeographic analysis provides an insight into historical factors, such as climate change, by examining current patterns of genealogy and geographic distribution. Taiwan is a mountainous island, which contains one third area of mountains that are up to 1,000 meters of elevations and has experienced several glacial cycles. Whether the geological history and the past glacial periods affected the alpine large mammals’ genetic population structures and diversities in Taiwan hasn’t been extensively studied. Formosan serow(Capricornis swinhoei)is the only endemic wild bovidae animal that protected by law in Taiwan, and widely distributed in the mountainous regions(400-3,952 m elevation)throughout the island. Due to lacking of phylogeographic studies, the phylogeographic relationships and historical demography of Formosan serow remains unclear. In this study, we examined the mitochondria DNA D-loop regions (1) to assess the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship, (2) to investigate the differentiation and phylogeographic relationships, and (3) to infer the historical evolutionary processes of Formosan serow in Taiwan. In total, 342 samples(feces, blood and tissue)collected from 36 localities throughout Taiwan was examined. We obtained 126 haplotypes from D-loop region(1,122-1,125 bp). Two major clades with 100% supported bootstrap values were identified in D-loop sequences analysis. Furthermore, the two major clades were defined as Taroko and Sheipa major clade and Taiwan major clade because they were mainly distributed to the Taroko and Sheipa Mountain Area, and the entire mountainous area of Taiwan, respectively. The divergence time between these two phylogroups were examined at approximately 0.125 to 0.134 mya(million years ago)during Riss glaciation(0.2-0.13 mya). According to AMOVA and mantel test, the Formosan serow population can be divided into three genetic units that existed significant genetic differentiation correlated to geographical distances(ΦCT = 0.26525; P < 0.001)(r = 0.6690; P < 0.001). Mismatch distribution analysis, Neutrality tests and Bayesian skyline plots revealed that a significant population expansion occurred for the population of Taiwan major clade, with horizons dated to approximately 0.02 mya during the end of Würm glaciation(0.11-0.012 mya). In conclusion, the geographical distance with restriction of gene flow was one of the factors that shaped current genetic differentiation and variant geographical distribution of haplotypes. In addition, past climate change caused by multiple glacial periods also played an important role in shaping the current phylogeographic structure. This study will provide usefully information for further phylogeographic study of Formosan serow, and other alpine species in Taiwan.
Subjects
Capricornis swinhoei
population genetic structure
genetic differentiation
mitochondria DNA marker
phylogeographic relationship
Type
thesis
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Name
ntu-104-R02626004-1.pdf
Size
23.54 KB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum
(MD5):641b37a11046451189fdf5ccb503896b