Supported Ruthenium Single-Atom and Clustered Catalysts Outperform Benchmark Pt for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Journal
Advanced Materials
Journal Volume
35
Journal Issue
35
Date Issued
2023-01-01
Author(s)
Zhu, Yanping
Fan, Ke
Hsu, Chia Shuo
Chen, Gao
Chen, Changsheng
Liu, Tiancheng
Lin, Zezhou
She, Sixuan
Li, Liuqing
Zhou, Hanmo
Zhu, Ye
Huang, Haitao
Abstract
Guaranteeing satisfactory catalytic behavior while ensuring high metal utilization has become the problem that needs to be addressed when designing noble-metal-based catalysts for electrochemical reactions. Here, well-dispersed ruthenium (Ru) based clusters with adjacent Ru single atoms (SAs) on layered sodium cobalt oxide (Ru/NC) are demonstrated as a superb electrocatalyst for alkaline HER. The Ru/NC catalyst demonstrates an activity increase by a factor of two relative to the commercial Pt/C. Operando characterizations in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) simulations uncover the origin of the superior activity and establish a structure–performance relationship, that is, under HER condition, the real active species are Ru SAs and metallic Ru clusters supported on the NC substrate. The excellent alkaline HER activity of the Ru/NC catalyst can be understood by a spatially decoupled water dissociation and hydrogen desorption mechanism, where the NC substrate accelerates the water dissociation rate, and the generated H intermediates would then migrate to the Ru SAs or clusters and recombine to have H2 evolution. More importantly, comparing the two forms of Ru sites, it is the Ru cluster that dominates the HER activity.
Subjects
alkaline hydrogen evolution | electrocatalysts | nanoclusters | ruthenium-based catalysts | single atoms
SDGs
Type
journal article