Determination of Bisphenol A in Household Dust by Microwave-Assisted Solid-Phase Microextraction
Date Issued
2015
Date
2015
Author(s)
Chang, Che-Wei
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide. It’s mainly used in plastics production of polycarbonate plastics (~65%) and epoxy resins (30%), while small amount (2-5%) is used as stabilizer and antioxidant in PVC production. These materials are often employed for our daily necessities, thus, human have the potential to expose to BPA. On the other hand, in indoor environment, ingestion of indoor dust has been demonstrated to be an exposure pathway to BPA in humans. Furthermore, for young children, ingestion of house dust has been reported to be an important exposure route for organic contaminants. Therefore, there is a need to determine the bisphenol A contained in household dusts to assess the possible health risks caused from the exposures. To determine organic contaminants, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) coupled with solid phase microextraction (SPME) and followed by the analysis with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is expected to be an efficient and eco-friendly method. The purpose of this research was then to develop a method for the determinations of bisphenol A in dusts by using microwave assisted solid-phase microextraction. That is, several parameters of SPME and MAE procedures were tested in this research to increase extraction efficiency of the methods. The established experimental procedures were describe above: Commercial vacuum cleaner was used to collect household dusts while particles with diameter smaller than 150 μm were filtered out by stainless mesh. Afterward, 0.02 g dust sample spiked the mass of 2.5 μg/g surrogate (bisphenol A d-16) in a 4 ml vial, and left the vial overnight. Next, the sample vial would be set in microwave-assisted equipment with spiking 2.5 ml of extractant, RO water. After extracting 20 mins, 2 ml of sample �VIIsolution was taken to filtration step, and collected to a new 4 ml vial. Afterward, SPME apparatus with PEG coating fiber was employed to extract 20 minutes under 55°C, pH2 , and 18 M of NaCl conditions in direct immersion mode. After SPME extraction, the sample was then analyzed by GCMS. The desorption efficiency was found to be 100% when the desorption time was 20 min under 250°C. The linear range for the analysis was 1.25 ~ 2500 ng/g dust (r=0.99). On the other hand, precisions of the method were 7.29%. Furthermore, compared with tradition extraction methods, the MAE-DI-SPME provides a time saving, easy for operation and solvent- free procedure. In dust samples from Taiwan, the median, mean, range of bisphenol A concentration were 4.98 μg/g, 11.06 μg/g and 1.54 - 39.99 μg/g, respectively. Compare to published reports, these concentrations in dust were slightly higher. Furthermore, the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were also calculated to estimate the exposure amount, and were 10.1 ng/kg-bw/day, 24.6 ng/kg-bw/day, 6.13 ng/kg-bw/day, 3.94 ng/kg-bw/ day, and 3.39 ng/kg-bw/day, for infants, toddlers, children, teenagers, and adults, respectively. And, these EDIs were also slightly higher than other studies. This study indicated that bisphenol A was presence in household dust in Taiwan. And, further studies should be conducted with more comprehensive investigations.
Subjects
Bisphenol A
indoor dust
household dust
SPME
MAE
GCMS?
SDGs
Type
thesis
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