A Highly Organized Three-Dimensional Alginate Scaffold for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Prepared by Microfluidic Technology
Resource
BIOMATERIALS v.32 n.29 pp.7118-7126
Journal
Biomaterials
Pages
7118-7126
Date Issued
2011
Date
2011
Author(s)
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease and frequently involves the knee , hip and phalangeal joints. Current treatments used in small cartilage defects including multiple drilling, abrasion arthroplasty, mosaicplasty, and autogenous chondrocyte transplantation, however, there are problems needed to be solved. The standard treatment for severe osteoarthritis is total joint arthroplasty. The disadvantages of this surgery are the possibility of implant loosening. Therefore, tissue engineering for cartilage regeneration has become a promising topic. We have developed a new method to produce a highly organized single polymer ( alginate) scaffold using microfluidic device. Scanning electron microscope and confocal fluoroscope examinations showed that the scaffold has a regular interconnected porous structure in the scale of 250 m and high porosity. The scaffold is effective in chondrocyte culture; the cell viability test (WST-1 assay), cell toxicity (lactate dehydrogenase assay), cell survival rate, extracellular matrix production (glycosaminoglycans contents), cell proliferation (DNA quantification), and gene expression ( real-time PCR) all revealed good results for chondrocyte culture. The chondrocytes can maintain normal phenotypes, highly express aggrecan and type II collagen, and secrete a great deal of extracellular matrix when seeded in the alginate scaffold. This study demonstrated that a highly organized alginate scaffold can be prepared with an economical microfluidic device, and this scaffold is effective in cartilage tissue engineering.
Subjects
Alginate
Scaffold
Chondrocyte
Microfluidic device
SDGs
Other Subjects
Alginate scaffolds; Arthroplasties; Cartilage defects; Cartilage regeneration; Cartilage tissue engineering; Cell survival; Cell toxicity; Cell viability; Chondrocytes; Degenerative disease; DNA quantification; Extracellular matrices; Extracellular matrix production; Glycosaminoglycans; High porosity; Implant loosening; Interconnected porous structure; Lactate dehydrogenase assays; Micro-fluidic devices; Microfluidic device; Microfluidic technologies; Phalangeal joints; Real-time PCR; Scanning Electron Microscope; Single polymers; Total joint arthroplasty; Type II collagens; Alginate; Body fluids; Cartilage; Cell culture; Cell proliferation; Fluidic devices; Gene expression; Joints (anatomy); Microfluidics; Orthopedics; Polymerase chain reaction; Scanning electron microscopy; Tissue; Scaffolds (biology); aggrecan; alginic acid; collagen type 2; glycosaminoglycan; lactate dehydrogenase; molecular scaffold; animal cell; animal cell culture; article; cartilage; cartilage cell; cell proliferation; cell survival; cell viability; chemical structure; compression; concentration (parameters); controlled study; cytotoxicity test; device; DNA determination; extracellular matrix; fluoroscopy; gene expression; microfluidic analysis; nonhuman; phenotype; porosity; priority journal; protein expression; protein secretion; real time polymerase chain reaction; scanning electron microscopy; tissue engineering; Aggrecans; Alginates; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Cartilage; Cells, Cultured; Chondrocytes; Collagen Type II; Compressive Strength; Gene Expression; Humans; Materials Testing; Microfluidics; Porosity; Swine; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds