Expression of hypoxic marker carbonic anhydrase IX predicts poor prognosis in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Journal
PLoS ONE
Journal Volume
10
Journal Issue
3
Pages
e0119181
Date Issued
2015
Author(s)
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX), a hypoxia marker, correlates with tumor progression in a variety of human cancers. However, the role of CA-IX in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) remains largely unknown.We examined the expression of 277 unifocal, resectable, primary HCC tumors using immunohistochemistry. The CA-IX protein was expressed in 110 of the 227 (48.5%) HCC tumors. The expression of CA-IX correlated with younger age (P = 0.0446), female sex (P = 0.0049), high serum α-fetoprotein levels (P<1×10-6), larger tumor size (P = 0.0031), high tumor grade P<1×10-6) and high tumor stage (P = 1.5x10-6). Patients with HCC tumors that expressed CA-IX were more likely to have lower 5-year diseasefree survival (DFS; P = 0.0001) and 5-year overall survival (OS; P<1×10-6). The multivariate analysis indicated that CA-IX expression was an independent predictor for high tumor stage (P = 0.0047) and DFS (P = 0.0456), and a borderline predictor for OS (P = 0.0762). Furthermore, CA-IX expression predicted poor DFS and OS in patients with high tumor stage (P = 0.0004 and P<1×10-6, respectively). Interestingly, CA-IX expression might contribute to the worse prognosis of female patients with advanced HCCs. Our study indicates the expression of the CA-IX protein is a crucial predictor of poor prognosis in resectable HCC, and it is also an unfavorable prognostic predictor in HCC patients with high tumor stage. ? 2015 Huang et al.
SDGs
Other Subjects
alpha fetoprotein; carbonate dehydratase IX; CA9 protein, human; carbonate dehydratase; carbonate dehydratase IX; tumor antigen; tumor marker; adolescent; adult; age; aged; Article; cancer prognosis; cancer staging; controlled study; correlation analysis; disease free survival; female; gender; human; immunohistochemistry; liver cell carcinoma; major clinical study; male; multivariate analysis; overall survival; protein expression; tumor volume; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; cell hypoxia; cytology; disease course; gene expression regulation; liver; Liver Neoplasms; metabolism; middle aged; pathology; prognosis; recurrent disease; tumor invasion; very elderly; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carbonic Anhydrase IX; Carbonic Anhydrases; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Hypoxia; Disease Progression; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Recurrence; Young Adult
Publisher
Public Library of Science
Type
journal article