受身文の日中対照研究―『新約聖書』を中心に―
Date Issued
2009
Date
2009
Author(s)
Du, Chun-Ying
Abstract
The way people use to express one thing often reflects the tendency of thinking in their own language. While describing a same situation, terms can be so different from Japanese to Chinese, especially the confrontation of the actives and the passives. This study aimed to investigate the relative response between Chinese and Japanese. To see while the passive is used in Japanese then what will be used in Chinese. For this purpose, examples are collected from ''The New Testament'' which is a common translation work in both two languages. This study consists of two main parts. The first part is to investigate how Chinese expressions correspond with the passives of Japanese, and the second part are examine sort of expressions that seldom showed in passive in Chinese and then try to analyse factors that influence usages of passives in both Chinese and Japanese. The result is as follows. 1.There are ten kinds syntaxes of Chinese expressions correspond to Japanese passives. The percentage of typical and non-typical Chinese passives is 47%. It shows that the Japanese passives are more likely to correspond to the actives of Chinese instead of the passives. 2.Result respecting is a key feature of the typical Chinese passive “BEI(被)-sentences”. It always showed its passive voice by the meaning of the verb or other elements of the sentence. And the “BEI-sentences” takes only 30% of Chinese expressions. On the other hand, two other non-typical passives by the vocabularies and by the meaning, are used by the the intention of speakers, definitely play important role in Chinese passives. 3.Comparing to Japanese, people used mostly active sentences in Chinese, while passive sentences are used in Japenese. Especially in the condition of unknown subjects, there are many examples shows that when Japanese disguises the uncertain subjects in passive, Chinese would express in active and the uncertain agents would appear as the subject case. 4.For Japanese passives which are with double objects construction, and passives which are with sensory verbs, as long as there’s no damaging meaning, Chinese would mostly use the received sides as subjects to express receiving or transmitting something or some information. In addition, the purpose of unifying viewpoint also motivate people to use passive sentences in Japanese, therefore passives are often used in adnominal clauses and in adverbial clauses. 5.As for the extremely different percentage of passive using in Japanese and in Chinese, it can be recongnized by the tendency of cognitive aspect, that speakers of those two languages tend to take different viewpoints-- "on-stage" or "off-stage". That means, in Japanese, speakers tend to take a part on the stage just as a participator, describing the event from the on-stage side or else just directly put themselves into the certain condition and picture status in the way before their eyes. And in Chinese, speakers tend to observe the stage from the downstage side, paying attention to every actors on the stage, and then knowing the situations by their actions.
Subjects
The direct passives
BEI-sentence
The actives
Viewpoint
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