Bias-Dependent Dynamics of Degradation and Recovery in Perovskite Solar Cells
Journal
ACS Applied Energy Materials
Journal Volume
4
Journal Issue
7
Pages
6562-6573
Date Issued
2021
Author(s)
Prete, M. et al.
Khenkin, M.V.
Glowienka, D.
Patil, B.R.
Lissau, J.S.
Dogan, I.
Hansen, J.L.
Leißner, T.
Fiutowski, J.
Rubahn, H.-G.
Julsgaard, B.
Balling, P.
Turkovic, V.
Katz, E.A.
Madsen, M.
Abstract
Degradation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is often found to be partially or fully reversible when the cells are allowed to recover in the dark. Unlike the dynamics of degradation, knowledge about the dynamics of PSC cell recovery is very limited. Here, we demonstrate that the PSC recovery strongly depends on the electrical bias conditions during the light-induced degradation and that it can be manipulated by applying an external electrical bias during the recovery phase. Investigation of the recovery dynamics allows us to analyze the degradation mechanisms in detail. More specifically, we aged a mixed-cation mixed-halide PSC with a n-i-p structure under illumination in open-circuit (OC) or short-circuit (SC) conditions, and periodically measured their characteristics during the recovery. PSCs aged in SC degrade faster and fully recover after the light is switched off, while the performance of the cells aged in OC does not recover but instead further decreases after the light is switched off (“drop-in-dark” effect). With the use of transient photoluminescence, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and drift-diffusion-based simulations, we hypothesize that extrinsic ion migration causes the drop-in-dark effect, by forming an electron extraction barrier at the metal oxide electron transport layer. The applied bias alleviates this effect. Our results are relevant for gaining a deeper understanding of the multiple degradation mechanisms present in perovskite solar cells, and for finding a practical way to assist their recovery. ? 2021 American Chemical Society
Subjects
degradation mechanisms
ion migration
perovskite solar cells
recovery dynamics
stability and lifetime
Degradation
Drops
Dynamics
Electron transport properties
Metals
Molecular biology
Perovskite
Recovery
Secondary ion mass spectrometry
Degradation mechanism
Drift diffusion
Electrical bias
Electron extraction
Electron transport layers
Light-induced degradation
Multiple degradations
Recovery phase
Perovskite solar cells
Type
journal article