Designing and testing efficacy of blood pressure and glucose lowering diets for Taiwanese patients with pre-/1st staged hypertension and/or pre-diabetes
Date Issued
2011
Date
2011
Author(s)
Tsai, Chien-Hui
Abstract
Background & objective:
Hypertension and diabetes are important public health problems in Taiwan and in the world. Many studies have shown that dietary therapy can ease high blood pressure or diabetes drug dependence and reduce medical costs. In addition, dietary therapy can prevent other chronic diseases and improve total wellbeing. Therefore, it is imperative to promote dietary and lifestyle therapy for newly diagnosed patients. Clinical trials have shown that the US. DASH diet can effectively help lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension. The DASH diet is rich in potassium, magnesium, calcium, fiber and low in saturated fatty acids, low cholesterol content. This study is firstly to confirm whether a Chinese-style DASH diet has not only a similar blood pressure lowering effect, but also effects on blood glucose and lipids. Secondly, assessment was made to see whether a reduced carbohydrate DASH diet can lower blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids. This diet has similar levels of potassium, magnesium, calcium, fiber and percentage of saturated fatty acids, but reduced proportion of carbohydrate.
Method:
This study adopted a randomized crossover dietary intervention trial. Thirty six participants were in the trial. They were aged 20 to 65, with systolic blood pressure 130 ~ 159mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 85 ~ 99mmHg or fasting blood glucose 100 ~ 125mg/dl. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups, each was given either DASH diet or reduced carbohydrate DASH diet in different stage. Soybean products and canola oil were used to increase the proportion of protein and monounsaturated fatty acid and thus reduce the carbohydrate in reduced carbohydrate DASH. Participants consumed the first diet for 4 weeks, followed by four weeks of washout period, then the second diet for 4 weeks. Total experiment lasted 12 weeks. Before and during the experiment, participants were regularly measured for blood pressure, blood glucose and lipid values. Urine was regularly collected to monitor urinary electrolytes.
Result:
In DASH diet group, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and blood glucose levels decreased 7.91mmHg, 4.64mmHg and 3.53mg/dl, respectively (P <0.05). Where as in the reduced carbohydrate DASH diet group, they decreased 5.13mmHg, 2.63mmHg and 3.69mg/dl respectively (P <0.05). However, there were no significant differences between two kinds of diets in blood pressure and blood glucose lowering effect. Only in those with pre-hypertension and hypertension, the DASH diet (-8.85mmHg) group decreased mean systolic blood pressure more so than the reduced carbohydrate DASH diet (-5.06mmHg) group (P = 0.04). And for lipids, both diets significantly decreased total cholesterol and LDL-C. Reduced carbohydrate DASH diet group significantly decreased fasting insulin, triglycerides and significantly increased HDL-C/TC ratio.
Conclusion:
Chinese-style DASH diet and reduced carbohydrate DASH diet can effectively lower blood pressure. In high blood pressure participants, both diet lower blood pressure effectively, and DASH diet has better effect than reduced carbohydrate DASH diet. In addition to lowering the blood pressure, reduced carbohydrate DASH can also lower insulin and triglycerides, and increase HDL/TC ratio.
Subjects
DASH
reduced carbohydrate DASH
blood pressure
blood glucose
SDGs
Type
thesis
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