Breast-feeding and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: A pooled analysis of individual participant data from 43 observational studies
Journal
Diabetes Care
Journal Volume
35
Journal Issue
11
Pages
2215-2225
Date Issued
2012
Author(s)
Cardwell C.R.
Stene L.C.
Ludvigsson J.
Rosenbauer J.
Cinek O.
Svensson J.
Perez-Bravo F.
Memon A.
Gimeno S.G.
Wadsworth E.J.K.
Strotmeyer E.S.
Goldacre M.J.
Radon K.
Parslow R.C.
Chetwynd A.
Karavanaki K.
Brigis G.
Pozzilli P.
Urbonaite B.
Schober E.
Devoti G.
Sipetic S.
Joner G.
Ionescu-Tirgoviste C.
De Beaufort C.E.
Harrild K.
Benson V.
Savilahti E.
Ponsonby A.-L.
Salem M.
Rabiei S.
Patterson C.C.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE - To investigate if there is a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes in children breastfed or exclusively breastfed by performing a pooled analysis with adjustment for recognized confounders. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Relevant studies were identified from literature searches using MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Authors of relevant studies were asked to provide individual participant data or conduct prespecified analyses. Meta-analysis techniques were used to combine odds ratios (ORs) and investigate heterogeneity between studies. RESULTS - Data were available from 43 studies including 9,874 patients with type 1 diabetes. Overall, there was a reduction in the risk of diabetes after exclusive breast-feeding for >2 weeks (20 studies; OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.64- 0.88), the association after exclusive breast-feeding for >3 months was weaker (30 studies;OR = 0.87, 95%CI 0.75 -1.00), and no association was observed after (nonexclusive) breast-feeding for >2 weeks (28 studies; OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.81-1.07) or >3 months (29 studies; OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.78-1.00). These associations were all subject to marked heterogeneity (I 2 = 58, 76, 54, and 68%, respectively). In studies with lower risk of bias, the reduced risk after exclusive breast-feeding for >2 weeks remained (12 studies; OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.75-0.99), and heterogeneity was reduced (I 2 = 0%). Adjustments for potential confounders altered these estimates very little. CONCLUSIONS - The pooled analysis suggests weak protective associations between exclusive breast-feeding and type 1 diabetes risk. However, these findings are difficult to interpret because of the marked variation in effect and possible biases (particularly recall bias) inherent in the included studies. ? 2012 by the American Diabetes Association.
SDGs
Other Subjects
adolescent; adult; article; birth weight; breast feeding; child; child health care; clinical assessment; controlled study; data analysis; disease association; human; infant; insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; major clinical study; maternal age; maternal diabetes mellitus; observational study; onset age; preschool child; risk assessment; risk factor; risk reduction; school child; Adolescent; Breast Feeding; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Humans; Male
Type
journal article