Application of aircraft contacting ground runway length computing model
Date Issued
2010
Date
2010
Author(s)
Chang, Yen-Wen
Abstract
Due to the aircraft''s operating environment and the characters, the aviation safety has become an important issue of transportation security. There is a large proportion of flight accidents occurred during landing and takeoff. In the landing or takeoff phase of flight accidents, the most direct factor related to aviation safety is the runway length and the runway surface. For the airports, it is necessary to maintain adequate security of pavement performance and provide adequate runway length and safety areas, but it is difficult to evaluate the actual quantified degree for the runway improvement.
This research proposed an effective computing model for the airplane contacting ground distance in takeoff and landing phase. By using this model, we can quantify the effects causing from various factors which related to aviation safety. In order to establish the computing model with higher accuracy and reflecting reality, this research collected the literatures about airplane stopping distance and the environmental impact factors for taking off and landing. Furthermore, we also refer the literatures about skid resistance to provide the skid number for risk analysis, which is one of the computing model’s various functions.
This research not only conducted interview with experienced pilot, but also access to the airport for airplane takeoff and landing filming. All these works above assist the verification and correction of the computing model.
By the observation in this research, we figured out that the landing points are more concentrated than those of takeoff. This phenomenon attributes to the limitation and guidance restricted by the marking of landing area. Furthermore, we found that some of the airplane land over the landing area, and this situation made larger risks for overrun. Another finding is that the airplane deceleration depends on the target taxiway, so the smaller intensity of braking happened when the available stopping distance is larger.
By applying this computing model, we discovered that both the reverse thrust usage and the runway pavement condition effects the risk of airplane takeoff and landing. Also, we did the risk analysis to find that the airplane braking coefficient’s impact on stopping distance is more significant in the wet runway, and the ratio is 1.8 that the braking coefficient decreases from 0.4 to 0.1.
For those airports whose runway length is not abundant, the suggested improvements are controlling the takeoff weight, increasing the skid number, and restricting the airplane takeoff and landing behavior. We should control the process of landing and takeoff carefully in high-weight airplanes in the wet and slippery runway to make sure the aviation safety, and the skid resistance of runway should be kept in a high level to avoid the risk of overrun. In addition, we should take more limitations on pilots when landing to decrease the opportunity of landing over the landing area to decrease the airplane overrun risk.
However, the computing model in this research is constructed by Boeing 747-400, and there are many airports which are not using Boeing 747-400 as their critical design airplane. As a result, we should gather up more airplanes’ parameters and more experiments in reality to simulate different conditions to increase the safety of airplanes and airports.
Subjects
Runway safety
Airplane Runway length
Takeoff
Landing
Type
thesis
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