Derivation of 3D Coseismic Displacement Field from Integrated Azimuth and LOS Displacements for the 2018 Hualien Earthquake

A 3D surface deformation field for an earthquake can aid in understanding fault behaviors and earthquake mechanisms. However, SAR-based 3D surface deformation estimates are often limited by insufficient observations and hampered by various error sources. In this study, we demonstrate the derivation of a 3D coseismic displacement field from different InSAR processing algorithms. The azimuth displacements from Multiple Aperture Interferometry (MAI) and Pixel Offset Tracking (POT) were integrated to ensure reliable displacements at low coherent areas. The 3D displacement field was inverted pixel-by-pixel by Line-of-Sight (LOS) displacement and integrated azimuth displacement. The results showed that MAI and POT could compensate for the weaknesses of each algorithm. Also, pixels with less than three sets of observations showed higher noise levels. Such noisy pixels were removed by a denoising criterion proposed herein. For the vertical direction, the proportion of pixels inverted with two sets of azimuth and one set of LOS displacements was 26.1%. After denoising, the proportion dropped to 2.4% due to the insufficiency of LOS displacements. This shows that the viewing angle influences the overall performance of 3D surface displacement inversion. Implementing various displacement vectors should reduce such limitations.