Stability of Perfluorinated Compounds and Thier Occurrence at the Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant and Downstream Rivers
Date Issued
2009
Date
2009
Author(s)
Ciou, Pei-Sen
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are persistent environmental contaminants and are widely used in many industries. Many researchers reported that PFCs distributed in the environment. This study demonstrated that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were stable during ozonation (16 mg O3/L ) and ozonation combined with H2O2 (H2O2: 0.033 mM) processes. Even when pressure-assisted ozonation (including three types of pressure processes with the combination of H2O2) was applied, PFOA and PFOS still could not be composed. This persistent and stable nature of PFCs was again shown in the wastewater treatment processes. Ten PFCs including perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs: PFBS, PFHxS and PFOS) and Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs: PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA , PFNA, PFDA, PFUA and PFDoA) were detected in two municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of Taipei city, the industry WWTP (IWWTP) of Shinchu Science Park, and upstream and downstream of IWWTP. PFOS (up to 293 ng/L) and PFHxA (up to 406 ng/L) were the major constituents of PFCs in municipal WWTPs. However, different distribution of PFCs was found in IWWTP. PFHxS (up to 2406.7 ng/L), PFOS (up to 6050 ng/L) and PFOA(up to 517.3 ng/L) were the major constituents of PFCs in effluent of IWWTP and its downstream rivers. This demonstrated that concentrations and composition of PFCs were much different between IWWTP and municipal WWTPs. Effluent of IWWTP and its downstream rivers have similar concentration levels of PFCs, which implies that the wastewater of IWWTP was the major source of PFCs to its downstream rivers. In addition, PFOA (2 ng/g), PFUA (4.1 ng/g)and PFDoA (15.8 ng/g)from sediment samples were detected in effluent of IWWTP and its upstream and downstream river. Ratios (sediment/water: (ng/kg)/(ng/L)) of PFOA, PFUA and PFDoA in downstream of IWWTP were 4, 766, and 6088 respectively, which shows that PFCAs with more carbons are adsorbed easier than PFCAs with less carbons. Consequently, most PFUA and PFDoA in the natural environment are attenuated by sorption onto sediments while more PFOA is found in the water bodies.
Subjects
perfluorinated compounds
Shinchu Science Park
surface water
sediment
wastewater treatment plants
SDGs
Type
thesis
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