Early Pliocene increase in thermohaline overturning: A precondition for the development of the modern equatorial Pacific cold tongue
Journal
Paleoceanography
Journal Volume
25
Journal Issue
2
Date Issued
2010
Author(s)
Steph S
Tiedemann R
Prange M
Schulz M
Timmermann A
Nürnberg D
Rühlemann C
Saukel C
Haug G.H.
Abstract
Unraveling the processes responsible for Earth?s climate transition from an "El Niño-like state" during the warm early Pliocene into a modern-like "La Niña-dominated state" currently challenges the scientific community. Recently, the Pliocene climate switch has been linked to oceanic thermocline shoaling at ∼3 million years ago along with Earth?s final transition into a bipolar icehouse world. Here we present Pliocene proxy data and climate model results, which suggest an earlier timing of the Pliocene climate switch and a different chain of forcing mechanisms. We show that the increase in North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation between 4.8 and 4.0 million years ago, initiated by the progressive closure of the Central American Seaway, triggered overall shoaling of the tropical thermocline. This preconditioned the turnaround from a warm eastern equatorial Pacific to the modern equatorial cold tongue state about 1 million years earlier than previously assumed. Since ∼3.6-3.5 million years ago, the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation resulted in a strengthening of the trade winds, thereby amplifying upwelling and biogenic productivity at low latitudes. © Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.
Other Subjects
El Nino-Southern Oscillation; Northern Hemisphere; Pliocene; thermohaline circulation; trade wind; upwelling; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean (North); Zanclea
Type
journal article