Gender Differences in Leadership Behavior and Leadership Effectiveness
Date Issued
2011
Date
2011
Author(s)
Liu, Yo-Yu
Abstract
Previous studies show that female leaders are inclined to deliver democratic, participative and transformational leadership（Eagly, Johannesen-Schmidt, & Engen, 2003； Trinidad & Normore, 2005）； however, none of these conclusions highlight that such leadership would lead to higher effectiveness. Therefore, this study was to explore gender differences in leadership effectiveness and following is three research points for a deeper understanding: 1. Key essentials of becoming high effectiveness leaders for male and female leaders respectively. 2. Significant differences of leadership behavior between male and female leaders. 3. Is leadership effectiveness consistent between a female and male leader when female carries out same leadership strategies as male does? The study supplemented quantitative research with qualitative data and explored several practical scenarios. First of all, through a conduct of exhaustive list of criteria of measurements on male and female leaders, a matrix with leader effectiveness（high, low）and gender（male, female）was formed. Afterwards, through critical incident technique we collected leadership styles and strategy descriptions from the three research points in-depth analysis. The results showed that there are differences in high leadership effectiveness male leaders and female leaders once they display leadership behaviors. The unique leadership behaviors on high leadership effectiveness of male leader are “Superiors are imitated by their inferiors”, “Insisting the goal”, “Maintaining a power distance”, and “Encouraging subordinates to study by themselves”. On the other hand, the unique leadership behaviors on high leadership effectiveness of female leader are “Using multiple communication skills”, “Reinforcing team spirit idea: we are on the same boat”, “Keeping high sensitivity”, and “Leveraging networking resources such as senior subordinates”. To summarize, male leaders with high leadership effectiveness usually give direct instructions to lead a team, while female leaders with high leadership effectiveness apply cohesion leadership style to propel a team going forward. The last part further discusses theoretical contributions and practical applications.
Subjects
Gender
Leader
Leadership style
Leadership behavior
Leadership effectiveness
Qualitative data
SDGs
Type
thesis
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