Cerebral lipiodol embolism in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with transarterial embolization/chemoembolization
Journal
PLoS ONE
Journal Volume
10
Journal Issue
6
Pages
e0129367
Date Issued
2015
Author(s)
Abstract
Background and Purpose Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and characteristics of cerebral lipiodol embolism (CLE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving transarterial embolization/chemoembolization (TAE/TACE). Methods We reviewed all HCC patients who received TAE/TACE during the period of 2007 and 2013 at a university medical center. The frequency of CLE per procedure and the clinical manifestations of CLE, including the review of previous reported cases (n = 24), were analyzed. Results During the study period, a total of 7855 TAE/TACE procedures were conducted on 3277 patients. There were 8 patients (mean age 59±11 years; 5 males and 3 females) who developed CLE. The frequency of TAE/TACE-related CLE was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.44-2.01) per 1000 procedures. Acute disturbance of consciousness and respiratory distress after TAE/ TACE were the most common presentations of CLE. All patients had disseminated infarcts involving both the anterior and posterior cerebral circulations. For 3 patients with shunting between the tumor feeding artery and the pulmonary vein, a specific imaging pattern of coexisting scattered hyperdense spots was found. Furthermore, combined with our 8 cases, the total of 32 cases indicated that old age and female sex were the two risk factors for poor outcome after CLE. Conclusions CLE is a rare but potentially serious complication in HCC patients receiving TAE/TACE. The clinical characteristics of CLE summarized in our study would help facilitate the ability of clinicians to provide timely diagnosis and management. Copyright: ? 2015 Chu et al.
SDGs
Other Subjects
doxorubicin; iodinated poppyseed oil; ethiodized oil; adult; aged; Article; brain circulation; brain embolism; brain infarction; cerebral lipiodol embolism; chemoembolization; clinical article; computer assisted tomography; consciousness disorder; female; human; liver cell carcinoma; male; morbidity; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; pulmonary vein; respiratory distress; retrospective study; shunting; university hospital; adverse effects; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; chemistry; chemoembolization; complication; diagnostic imaging; Intracranial Embolism; Liver Neoplasms; middle aged; radiography; risk factor; treatment outcome; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; Ethiodized Oil; Female; Humans; Intracranial Embolism; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Radiography; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
Type
journal article